Personal Writing My Personal Experience In Writing

Christian Hannah Professor Weeks (Mackey) ENC1101 - FSCJ 09/20/2017 Lost As a writer, I find myself getting lost. Typically, when I go to start writing I hit a brick wall. It’s as if all my thoughts suddenly escape my mind and I draw a blank. It takes me forever to conjure up some form of a thesis and then takes even longer to figure out what I should write to support it in a way that makes sense. Then, attempting to find a way to organize my ideas and put them together in cohesive paragraphs seems like an impossible task in the moment. It is not uncommon for me to get flustered and just throw something down on the paper because I get anxious seeing how much work is left to do. If I end up going back to read it over prior to submission,†¦show more content†¦Also, I know I can get off topic when I run out of ideas so keeping the main idea consistent throughout the essay is something I surely need to improve upon. On the contrary, some strengths I possess include proper utilization of grammar and diverse vocabulary. My attitude towards writing is very unfavorable. I just don’t enjoy it at all. It’s a very tedious task when you factor in all of the revision steps that it takes to produce a quality essay. Writing requires a long amount of time spent planning and preparing that is not for impatient people like myself. However, I believe that with a little bit of some confidence and patience, I could learn to enjoy myself when I write. I think it’s a great outlet for some but just hasn’t ever really been something that made me feel relaxed or stress-free. Writing just clouds my head with confusion and anxiety. I guess I can blame this on the fact that all my previous experiences writing has been academic and in a time-restricted environment. However, I am excited to see how my impression of writing changes throughout my college career now that I am not confined to a forty-minute window. I know that a bad habit I seem to have developed is getting lazy with how beefy the content of my essay is. Sometimes I won’t completely explain something or won’t finish a thought because I tend to get discouraged or because I’m under pressure to finishShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience of a Writing Situation at the Workplace705 Words   |  3 PagesI once had to write a letter to employees in my company as I worked as an assistant to someone in a high position explaining to them why a certain room that used to be a break room was now off limits to them. What had happened is that there were employees who were abusing their privileges in the break room. Some had stolen soda from a refrigerator as well as some beer that was put in there for special meetings that my boss had with individuals coming to the company. People were aware that while theyRead MoreWriting Is An Art That Improves Through Time With Consistent Practice And Exploration Of One s Skills1234 Words   |  5 PagesWriting is an art that improves through time with consistent practice and exploration of one’s skills. Prior to this class, I have always considered myself to be an efficient writer. However, my writing was limited in the scope of academic writing, due to the fact that throughout my high school career, that is the most of what was expected to be written from me. In this class I was able to dive further into my writing and explore with my skills in the context of creative writing, poetry, as wellRead MoreReflection About Literacy1263 Words   |  6 Pagesrefined level of effective reading and writing. This â€Å"sponsor of literacy† can be found among all readers and writers. They are the individuals who had nurtured growth in education and formed the bricks of your first step towards literacy. Through identifying and studying this process, an individual can proudly take the next step upward towards effective and refined writing. Through pain and agony, I was a very resistant child and most of my reading experiences were forced upon me. I remember havingRead MoreReflection1179 Words   |  5 Pages Writing has always been one of my strengths, enabling me to freely express my creative thoughts in a controlled manner onto a piece of paper. Although my writing process takes a long time, I have complete power over the sentences and structures that I am weaving together to form a cohesive whole. Throughout High School, I was trained to write a structured essay in an ample amount of time by writing, editing, and finalizing my draft. Most of our work involved writing individual essays and researchRead MoreReflection Paper About English Composition930 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Composition I has developed my style of writing and my skills analyzing and researching topics to write a piece about a topic. Throughout the course, I got better at analyzing articles and pieces to get the meaning of the topic. With that improved skill I was more able to use the information given from the text and install it into my essays, with proper citation if needed. Before taking the English Compositio n course, I was not one to organize my essays in an ordeal order to clearly stateRead MoreInterview With My Classmate Emma Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesI conducted an interview with my classmate Emma, in English 101. I asked her about her passion on writing, her experiences, her attitude towards writing etc. Our conversation took around half an hour in total. The interview was in a casual way, we felt free to ask and answer questions and she was open minded. Emma moved from Texas to Illinois in August 2015. Her intention of moving to Illinois was to get into Art Institute Chicago. She told me that â€Å"It is really hard to get into that institution†Read More Transformational Writing Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesTransformational Writing In the piece, Coming into language, Jimmy Santiago Baca reflects his time spent in prison, where he battled illiteracy and experimented with personal writing. Orphaned at the age of two, Baca spent most of his life in the barrio and on the streets. He dropped out of school in the ninth grade and became a felon at the age of seventeen. Completely illiterate, Baca discovered his heritage in a picture book of Chicano history. A Chicano, Baca identified with theRead MorePersonal Experience: English Composition Course622 Words   |  3 Pages Focusing in self- evaluation to improve the learning process, help me to set goals and be aware of my own mistakes. When the English Composition course started, I wanted to be able to express my thoughts and my ideas in an effective way. The continuation of my education was very difficult, and I began to doubt myself when faced with the first couple of weeks. My first assignment was my most difficult assignment, and I found myself having trouble sticking to a thesis, because I had so manyRead MoreThe First Year Writing Program883 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the semester, the first year writing program gave students the privilege to become improved writers. Students received the opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses and come to a conclusion on what makes favorable writing. While writing the assigned essays this semester, I realized being able to read and write about something that is relatable is extremely critical. When an individual can relate to what they are reading, they will be more engaged compared to reading a pieceRead MoreWhen Reflecting On What Made Me The Writer I Am Today,1672 Words   |  7 Pagesreflecting on what made me the writer I am today, my first thought was, â€Å"Well clearly, I’m a writer because I’m a reader.† As a child, I devoured all kinds of books and spent hours on exploits in different worlds, with Harry and the gang at Hogwarts, or w ith the Pevensie kids in Narnia. And I thought that inevitably and gradually, reading is what led me to create my own universes and stories through writing. In fact, one of my first memories associated with writing was winning third place at a story competition

Effects and Information Free Essays

There are multiple different health problems that may result from the presence of infectious microorganisms in recreational waters. Epidemiological studies have shown a number of adverse health outcomes such as gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, to be associated with fecally polluted recreational water. Evidence from the World Health Organization (2003), suggests that the most frequent adverse health outcome associated with exposure to fecally contaminated recreational water is enteric illness, such as self-limiting gastroenteritis. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects and Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the pathogenic water-borne organisms are acquired by ingesting contaminated water because they affect the digestive tract. Pathogenic organisms in feces such as Salmonella, Giardia, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium are known to cause gastrointestinal illnesses, skin, ear, and eye infections can also result from contact with contaminated water (Peeples, 2007). There has been a documented association of transmission of Salmonella paratyphi, the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, with recreational water use. Also, rates of typhoid in Egypt have been observed in among bathers from beaches polluted with untreated sewage (WHO, 2003). Other illnesses associated with recreational waters in the USA are listed below (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007): Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium in the same family as those that cause cholera. It normally lives in warm seawater because they require salt. Cryptosporidium is one of the most frequent causes of waterborne disease (drinking water and recreational water) among humans in the United States and can be life threatening in persons with weakened immune systems. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium in the same family as those that cause cholera. It lives in brackish saltwater and causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. V. parahaemolyticus naturally inhabits coastal waters in the United States and Canada and is present in higher concentrations during summer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often called Swimmer’s Ear, is frequently caused by infection with a germ. This germ is common in the environment and is microscopic so that it can’t be seen with the naked eye. Shigella bacteria may contaminate water if sewage runs into it, or if someone with shigellosis swims in or plays with it, Shigella infections can then be acquired by drinking, swimming in, or playing with the contaminated water. Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause the â€Å"stomach flu,† or gastroenteritis (in people. Noroviruses are found in the stool or vomit of infected people and people can become infected with the virus by eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with norovirus. Giardia intestinalis , a microscopic parasite which causes Giardia. Giardia causes diarrheal illness, and is a common cause of waterborne disease in humans in the United States. Current recreational water-quality guidelines are based on studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s (Cabelli et al. 1975, 1979, 1982; Dufour 1984). The customary method used to measure recreational water quality require at least 24-48 hrs to culture fecal indicator bacteria colonies, such as Enterococcus spp. or Escherichia coli. The culturing along with counting the colony-forming units, makes it impossible for beach managers to assess the quality of water within a single day. A significant drawback is that microbial water quality can change rapidly (Boehm et al. 2002). Guidelines based on indicator organisms that require almost two days to develop, the great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted by contaminated water, and the difficulty in addition to the cost of directly measuring all microbial pathogens in environmental samples (Wade, Calderon, Sams, Beach, Brenner, Williams, Dunfor, 2006), are likely to result in both unnecessary beach closings and the exposure of swimmers to poor-quality water. Also, current indicator microbes are based solely on fecal contamination and may not accurately assess the risk of disease due to countless other potential pathogens that cause skin, upper respiratory tract, eye, ear, nose, and throat diseases. A study done in 2004, estimated that up to 40% of beach closures are in error (Kim and Grant 2004). Earth911. com(n. d. ) provides the public with specific information regarding the most recent water quality conditions at local beaches. Beaches911 provides information generated and uploaded directly by local government agencies to include the type of bacteria detected, or why the warning is in place. Independent analysis or historical reporting of water quality is not provided by Beaches911. The Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) required EPA to develop and publish a list of discrete coastal recreation waters adjacent to beaches or similar points of access that are used by the public that specifies whether the waters are subject to a monitoring and notification program. EPA’s BEACON, Beach Advisory and Closing Online Notification has the latest information that states have sent to the EPA. BEACON is a breakdown of monitored and unmonitored coastal beaches by county and answers the following questions: †¢ How many notification actions were reported and how long were they? †¢ What percentage of days were beaches under a notification action? †¢ How do 2007 results compare to previous years? †¢ What pollution sources affect monitored beaches? States and local governments decide whether to open or close a beach. They report that information to EPA, but because the states vary in how quickly the information is sent, the EPA doesn’t always have real-time reports. If BEACON doesn’t have up-to-date information, anyone searching for beach information would need to find their state’s information by contacting the regional EPA office. Although there is a lot of information about which beaches are tested and when, the different monitoring agencies do not give specific information regarding water test results i. e. – type of bacteria detected, warning information regarding those results, and information describing the health risks of any detected environmental hazard. References Boehm A. , Grant S. , Kim J. , Mowbray S. , McGee C. , Clark C. ,et al. (2002). Decadal and shorter period variability of surf zone water quality at Huntington Beach, California. Environ Sci Technol 36(18):3885–3892. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://pubs. acs. org/doi/pdf/10. 1021/es020524u? cookieSet=1 Cabelli, V. , Dufour, A. , Levin, M. , McCabe L. , Haberman, P. , (1979). Relationship of microbial indicators to health effects at marine bathing beaches. Am J Public Health 69(7):690–696. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/picrender. fcgi? artid=1619103blobtype=pdf Center for Disease Control, (2007). National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases. Retrieved 10 January 2009, from http://www. cdc. gov/healthyswimming/water_illness_a_to_z. htm Earth911. com(n. d. ), Beaches911- Beach Water Quality. Retrieved 12 January 2009 , from http://www. earth911. org/waterquality/index. asp? cluster=0 Kim, J. , Grant, S. ,(2004). Public mis-notification of coastal water quality: a probabilistic evaluation of posting errors at Huntington Beach, California. Environ Sci Technol 38(9):2497–2504. Retrieved 11 January 2009, from http://pubs. acs. org/doi/pdf/10. 1021/es034382v Peeples, B. (2007). Why did my favorite beach close today?. Retrieved 10 January 2009, from http://earth911. com/blog/2007/07/19/beaches-july/ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA(n. d. ). Beach Monitoring and Notification. Retreived 12 January 2009, from http://www. epa. gov/waterscience/beaches/technical. html Wade, T. , Calderon, R. , Sams, E. , Beach, M. , Brenner, K. , Williams, A. , Dunfour, A. ,(2006). Rapidly Measured Indicators of Recreational Water Quality Are Predictive of Swimming-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 114(1): 24-25. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://www. ehponline. org/realfiles/members/2005/8273/8273. pdf WHO (2003). Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments. Retreived 12 January 2009, from http://whqlibdoc. who. int/publications/2003/9241545801. pdf How to cite Effects and Information, Papers

Benefits To The Russian Government From Foreign †Free Samples

Questions: 1.What are the benefits to the Russian government from foreign direct investment in general and in the oil industry in particular? 2.What are the risks that foreign companies must bear when making investment in Russia? What are the sources of this risk? How substantial are they? 3.Is there any way foreign companies can reduce these risks? Answers: 1. FDI holds an important place in the macro as well as micro economy of Russia. It has led to important economic development as it has provided proper allocation of funds to the state budget where the distribution of funds were inadequate. FDI has helped in enhancing the scientific and technical potential of Russia (Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). It has also provided access to the Russian products in international market. Due to an opening in international market FDI has improved the production of various industries in Russia. Moreover FDI has helped in starting up new business ventures based on production in the country. The most important contribution of FDI to Russian economy is the development of their abundant natural resources especially in the field of oil. Russia has been largest oil exporter in the world and it maintained its status quo for a long time which has made it the global superpower for a better part of the century (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). But after dissolution o f the Soviet Union, Russian oil companies started to fade due to lackluster condition and improper availability of funds. FDI has helped those oil companies to re-establish themselves by providing them with proper funds to enhance their technology and upgrade their infrastructure to compete in the international market. 2. After the dissolution of Soviet Union, Russia has suffered from economic breakdown as its government machinery has lacked the means and resources to uplift its economy(Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). In recent days Russian currency has taken a dip in the international market and has become one of the weakest currencies. Due to this reason Global players are reluctant in investing in Russian economy. Moreover, Russia has been at war with one or the other countries which has weakened its economy to a substantial level. Even if global investors try to start a venture in Russia their strict rules and regulations restrict the global players to take part in the Russian economy. Even with the presence of abundant natural resources, Russia is not able to produce the desired output because of the ignorance of its government and legislative rules (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). Consumerism in Russia is not very market friendly which is why generic products are not manufactured and sold in Russia. Investors are scared of the market responses and from the attitudes of the government which is not very business oriented. Russia has about 70% of their assets owned by the state which prohibits investment and entrepreneurship in business ventures. These risks are quite substantial for a businessman to invest in Russia. 3. Russian economy can only be uplifted through incorporation of big oil companies like Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, British Petroleum and Sianco which are very deep pocketed and have the economic leverage to break the shackles of sanction rules in Russia (Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). Oil is still the most prominent factor which can revive Russian economy if big oil companies are allowed to trade in the Russian oil.The main barrier for the upgradation of Russian economy is its strict rules and sanction regulations which can be modified for the oil companies if they are willing to have proper negotiation with the Russian government (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). References Berdysheva, E., Romanova, R. (2017). Rethinking prices during an economic crisis: Calculation as a new mode of consumer behavior in Russia.International Journal of Consumer Studies. Kapusuzoglu, A., Ceylan, N. B. (2017). The Impact of Russian Economy on the Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth of Turkey: Pre-and Post-Global Financial Crisis. InGlobal Financial Crisis and Its Ramifications on Capital Markets(pp. 275-286). Springer International Publishing.

Information for Soap Notes free essay sample

Associate Level Material Case Study Information for SOAP Notes Read the following three patient visits. Rewrite the information using correct medical terminology. The visits below are written in layman’s terms and do not use the correct medical terminology. Re-write the information in medical terms for the charts. You must determine where the information is to be placed in the SOAP note. Patient One – Chapter Six 22-year-old African American female 140/60 BP 99 F Pulse is 38 Breathing is 22 per minute Patient states she is not on any medicine at the time Patient states her reason for the visit is she is having severe back pain for 5 days now Past has been told she has sickle cell anemia Physician tells patient they are going to draw blood and give her IV with fluids. Physician states the IV will contain something for the pain Blood work showed white blood cells 4300, hemoglobin 13. 1 g/dL, hematocrit 39. 9%, platelets 162,000, segs 65. We will write a custom essay sample on Information for Soap Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9, lymphs 27, monos 3. 4 Physician observes patient is alert Physician finds that head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat are okay Physician determines the patient is having a sickle cell crisis Physician finds that the patient has numbness in hands and feet Patient states she just has not been feeling well lately She reports â€Å"I do not test my levels daily with that machine it hurts so I just base my levels on how well I feel† Physician observes that the patient has some discoloration of her skin Physician sees that the head, eyes, ears, nose and throat are okay Physician hears that the heart sounds good, nothing sounds off Physician wants patient to come to the office in 1 month Physician tells patient to start using the machine to test her blood and record the results and bring with her to next visit

Cyber theft

Cyber theft Introduction The modern day world is becoming a global village with expanding usage of the Internet. The Internet has now penetrated across the globe even to the developing countries where it is being embraced and used widely. The invention and adoption of the Internet has accelerated the growth of business through improved means of communication but, at the same time, malicious people have invaded internet making it insecure for its users.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This vast network has now become a target for illegal activities and enterprise, or simply cyber crime, which involves criminal acts that involve communication, computers and internet network. Many internet users see the Internet as the safest means of communication and doing business, thus, there is a need to protect these users from malicious people who conduct cyber crime. This research paper will address the usage of internet and how internet theft has continued to thrive as the technology advances and how users of the internet can be made safer. The research will categorically put more emphasis on cyber theft and its consequences (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). Background The internet does not have the same level of regulation as mobile phones, as there is no overarching body to provide consumers with a first place of contact to raise concerns about disreputable or criminal behaviour. It is not the responsibility of an ISP to regulate behaviour online, and they cannot enforce a code of conduct on those offering commercial services online. The Internet Service Providers (ISP) also has not regulatory body. As a result, individuals who experience cyber crime can only refer it to the police or possibly simply attempt to minimise any financial loss by contacting banks and online services, depending on the exact nature of the crime. There is no single first point o f advice and help for the consumer, which makes precaution and prevention the best way to avoid becoming a victim of cyber crime (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Cyber crime can be divided into three categories, namely cyber vandalism, cyber terrorism and cyber theft. While this paper focuses on cyber theft, it is important to briefly explain these other crimes. Cyber vandalism includes all kinds of technological destruction, which involve malicious attack at disturbing, defacing and destroying technology that they find offensive. Cyber terrorism, on the other hand, involves acts that are aimed at undermining the social, economic and political system of an enemy by destroying its electronic infrastructure and disrupting its economy.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cyber theft can be simply put as cyber crime for profit. It ranges from illegal copying of cop y righted material to using technology to commit traditional theft-based offenses such as larceny and fraud. Cyber theft includes various acts such as: computer fraud, which involves theft of information like copying software for profit; salami slice fraud, whereby the perpetrator cautiously skins small sums from the balance of the large number of accounts in order to bypass internal controls and escape detection; software theft, which deprives many authors of significant revenues; and manipulation of accounts in banking (Jaishankar, 2011). Literature review This paper seeks to study the emerging trends in technology, which highlight the increase in the number of cyber theft incidences reported over a period of time. According to Siegel (2011), the Federal Trade Commission has put the number of internet users who have fallen prey to identity theft as 9 million. This clearly indicates how vulnerable internet users are in the entire world. Many internet users use the internet blindly without knowing how dangerous it can be especially where the laid down procedures are not set straight (Carr 2011). Most research studies conducted on cyber theft among the online users have failed to cushion internet users on the looming danger they face when using the internet (Cornelius Hermann 2011). A good example is where some internet users receive mails purporting to have won lotteries and in turn asking for personal information and the bank details. The authors of these emails turn out to be cyber criminals who steal from vulnerable internet users (Jaishankar, 2011). Consequences of cyber theft According to Schaeffer and Chan (2009), the internet has led to revival of the porn industry through the distribution of illegal sexual material since it provides an ideal platform for selling and distributing obscene material. Adult entertainment has permitted the peddling of child pornography across borders, via credit card verification service, which acts as an electronic gateway to the pictures and movies of minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct. Secondly, cyber theft has attempted to extort money from legitimate internet users through the denial of services and threatening to prevent them from having access to the service. Such operations involve flooding the site with many spurious messages that interfere with the user, until they become frustrated and abandon the site, or agree to pay the fee. These crimes have been known to destroy online businesses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, cyber theft in the form of illegal copyright infringement has been on the rise, with groups of individuals working together illegally to obtain software, and then use it to â€Å"crack† or â€Å"rip† its copyright protection, before posting it on the internet for other members to use. Frequently the pirated copies reach the in ternet days and weeks before the legitimate product is commercially available. File Sharing is another form of illegal infringement; it allows internet users to download music and other material without paying the artists and the companies their rightful royalties (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). The fourth result of cyber theft is internet securities fraud. This includes market manipulation, when individuals try to control the price of stock by interfering with the natural forces of supply and demand-either by â€Å"pump and dump† or â€Å"cyber smear†. In pump and dump, erroneous and deceptive information is posted online to make unsuspecting investors to become interested in stocks, and sell previously purchased stock at inflated price. Cyber smear is reverse of the pump and dump, when negative information is spread online, driving down the price and enabling the people buy at artificially low price, before the company officers inflate the price. Fifth is i dentity theft. Schaeffer and Chan (2009), explain identity theft as the process whereby an individual uses the internet to steal someone’s identity to open a new credit card account or conduct some other financial transaction. This also includes phishing, which involves illegal access to victims’ personal information. The victim is informed about the problems in his account and suggested to fix it. Once all the personal information, including social security number is provided, the perpetrators proceed to access the victim’s bank account and credit card, and buy things with those accounts. The perpetrator can also open a new account without the victim’s knowledge or choose to implant viruses into their software that forwards their e-mails to other recipients (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). E-tailing fraud is another form of cyber theft, which involves the illegal buying or selling merchandise. E-tailing scams involve failure to deliver promised purchase or services or substituting the cheaper or used material for higher quality purchases.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This form of cyber theft involves top of the line electronic equipment over the internet, then purchasing similar-looking cheaper quality. The cheaper item is then returned to the E-Tailer after switching the bar code and the boxes with the more expensive unit. The buyer gets the refund for the higher quality product. The seventh form of cyber theft is the use of email chain letters, whereby the victims are sent official looking e-mail letters requesting cooperation by sending a report to five friends or relatives. Those who respond are then asked to pay to keep the chain going. The last form of cyber theft is one that allows individuals to fish information of all kinds. This is usually offered in the form of a CD program that you can use to find out personal information on someone. Such information is them sold, in the case of public records. Alternatively, the seller can sell false software in order to access a willing buyer’s credit account number. Cyber theft attacks For individual computer users, cyber crime is most likely to occur through casual infections and unfortunate happenstance. Reports indicate that the best defence against this kind of crime is more knowledgeable computer users and routine IT hygiene. There is a balance to be struck in terms of encouraging technology usage without engendering over-reliance upon it. While users should be expected to have protection, they should not be lulled into a false belief that it will solve all their problems Cornelius Hermann also suggest that technology needs to be understood in the wider context of safe online behaviour (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). This is because people have the tendency of approaching technology as just another consumer appliance like a video machine, which comes with ‘a series of services. There is little interest among consumers in how computers work or in understanding the principles of how those computers connect with the internet. Method The purpose of this research w as to make a contribution towards understanding and responding to cyber theft, as well as providing an insight into the characteristics and motivation of the perpetrators of cyber theft or fraud. The study involved the assessment of various literatures on cyber theft, in order to obtain possible explanations for the putative differences between offenders perpetrating e-fraud and classical fraud. Among the literature is the evaluation of criminological theories that sought to explain the emergence of new group offenders, in cyber theft, and the factors that facilitate their growth, such as the perceived anonymity and the disappearance of barriers of time and space (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Research methods There is some knowledge about certain types of cyber crimes and how the offenders responsible for these various acts operate. Previous research methods involved observations on the Internet and interviews with key persons such as police officers. This researc h complements these previous reports and seeks a comprehensive strategy, while offering a more in-depth analysis. This study involved literature review, which was used to create some insight into the characteristics of the offenders that are known at this moment. Through (online) libraries such as ScienceDirect and Leicester E-Link books, articles and reports on the subject have been retrieved and relevant publications have been studied. Publications have been selected with the keywords: ‘fraud’, ‘cyber theft, ‘con’, ‘deception’, ‘deceit’ and other terms with similar meanings (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). Results With the increase in bandwidth the file transfer rate has been increased considerably. Hackers can now transfer more data in a single second due to the increased speeds, which also allow the users to download third party applications with which they can have access to others computers or mobile phones. Operating System s with patches are also available on the internet. So in developing countries, the people can download pirated versions of operating system and third party software easily with the help of large bandwidth internet (Siegel, 2011). Cyber theft has also affected social engineering. This has been possible due to the increasing accessibility of the internet, as well as faster speeds, which allow more and more people to join into the cyber world, making their individual information more prone to be attacked. A good example of this is the article by Whitehurst, whereby a man who was seeking friendship and love online was later robbed by the lady. This happened on Valentines Day, and the lady surprised the man when she suggested changing her clothes but instead came back with two men, armed with a taser and knife, to rob the man. Social networking sites like facebook, myspace, twitter and orkut among others make it easy for people to access personal information on various people by hacking the account of that individual. A fake social networking site login page is sent to the user with an attractive link so that by login into that page can send the user name and password of that user to the hacker (Whitehurst, 2009). With more people online, the possibility of viruses, spam and Trojan horses affecting more people is increased. Hackers can easily get into the remote computers and infect a whole network within seconds with the faster access of internet. Besides this, the increasing number of people with access to the internet may potentially affect the growth of Film and Music Industry. Access to reliable Internet services allows people to download movies that have been pirated. This is increasing the piracy of movies and songs, as the revenue is flowing to the illegal sites rather than the producer of movie or the songs (Siegel, 2011). Now-a-days nations have electronically connected all their economic, defence and national security establishments which will be the tar get for cyber attacks during a conflict or to create instabilities. With the increase internet speeds and user access, these sites are more prone to attack as hackers can have more bandwidth and can destruct in more networks in less time. A good example of such damage is the accessibility of information that allowed wiki-leaks to spring up, releasing sensitive information to the public that was potentially damaging (Siegel, 2011). Discussion This research identified many areas where there are currently deficiencies in law enforcement response to cyber crime. Research has shown that there is high volume of malicious computer activities with minimal counter measures to defeat cyber theft globally. Here we are looking at some counter measures to defeat cyber theft such as cyber crisis planning, regular surveillance, introduction of access controls and security training. Cyber crisis planning Effective crisis planning and crisis management processes must be developed to enable businesse s to continue operating following failure of, or damage to, vital services or facilities. This process involves: identification and prioritization of critical business processes including the technology that supports them (servers, databases, applications) and technology owners; identification and agreement with respect to all responsibilities and emergency arrangements for business continuity planning and recovery with all affected parties throughout the organization; documentation of workarounds (electronic and manual) and/or rectification procedures and a linkage to any relevant reference material or documents; appropriate education of staff in the execution of the agreed emergency procedures and processes; checklists and procedure guidelines to assist all parties to recover from a crisis or disaster; and testing and updating of the plans on a regular basis (Jaishankar, 2011). Regular surveillance Many companies overlook the fact that security monitoring or surveillance is necess ary in order to protect their information assets. Security Information Management Systems (SIM), if configured properly, can be useful in collecting and correlating security data (system logs, firewall logs, anti-virus logs, user profiles, physical access logs, etc.) to help identify internal threats and external threats. A successful surveillance program includes practices such as: security in depth, whereby several layers of security are introduced, and surveillance on each layer of security will help identify the severity of a security event, alerts coming from the internal corporate network might be more urgent than on the external network; critical business data encryption with strict role-based access controls and logging of all changes for an accurate audit trail; implementation of a policy of â€Å"least privileges access† with respect to sensitive information and regular review of logs for suspicious activity; review of Identity Management Process to determine who ha s access to what information on the corporate network and ensure that the access of ex-employees, contractors and vendors is eliminated when they are no longer needed or leave the organization; and placement of Network Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems throughout the corporate network to help detect suspicious or malicious activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Access controls Curiosity is a natural human trait. The viewing of private records of political figures and celebrities has led to people losing their jobs or being criminally convicted. Most of these workplace incidents were not tied to identity theft or other bad intentions, but were simply instances of employees taking advantage of access control policy gaps, sometimes without realizing that they were breaking privacy laws and exposing their organizations to risk. So companies need to focus on ensuring that employees’ access to information is required for their particular job. Sometimes employees’ access is supple mented as they are promoted, transferred, or temporarily assigned to another department within the organization. Users that drag such excess access into their new role may create holes in corporate security or create other business risks. These are common problems in large organizations, a natural consequence of the pressure on IT departments to provide access quickly when employees are transferred or promoted. Organizations should consider putting automated controls in place for cyber-access to ensure that user privileges are appropriate to their particular job function or process role. Access to personally identifiable information must be governed by the need; there must be a valid business reason for access (Jaishankar, 2011). Security Training and Awareness The human factor is the weakest link in any information security program. Communicating the importance of information security and promoting safe computing are vital in securing a company against cyber crime. Some ways of pre venting cyber theft include: using passphrases that combine symbols, numerical and letters, and keeping them hidden; educate employees and executives on the latest cyber security threats and what they can do to help protect critical information assets; avoiding links or attachments in e-mail from untrusted sources; avoiding sending sensitive business files to personal email addresses; reporting suspicious/malicious activity to security personnel immediately; securing all mobile devices when travelling, and reporting lost or stolen items to the technical support for remote kill/deactivation; and educating the community about phishing attacks and how to report fraudulent activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Conclusion The risks of cyber crime are very real and too ominous to be ignored. Every franchisor and licensor, indeed every business owner, has to face up to their vulnerability and do something about it. At the very least, every company must conduct a professional analysis of their cyber security and cyber risk; engage in a plan to minimize the liability; insure against losses to the greatest extent possible; and implement and promote a well-thought-out cyber policy, including crisis management in the event of a worst case scenario. A healthier online community should be promoted by willing to establish a trusted system which is similar to what we have for doctors, paramedics and epidemiologists in human health. In addition to this, computer users need to know who and where to get help with a malware issue. Prevention or wellness is another topic that should be adopted from human health. To do so, we must begin with an understanding of what it takes to keep a system healthy and develop the social and technical norms to encourage the healthy state of all devices. Finally, as with epidemic preparedness, industry and government must be prepared for a potential malware outbreak in a way that leverages the trusted system (Carr, 2011). References Carr, J. (2011). Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld. New York: OReilly Media. Cornelius, K., Hermann, D. (2011). Virtual Worlds and Criminality. New York: Springer. Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal. New York: CRC Press. Schaeffer, B. S., Chan, H., Chan, H., Ogulnick, S. (2009). Cyber Crime and Cyber Security. Wolters Kluwer Law Business , 4-11. Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. (2011). Traverse City, Michigan: Ponemon Institute. Siegel, J. L. (2011). Criminology. New York: Cengage Learning. Whitehurst, L. (2009, February 19). Internet love connection turns into robbery. Retrieved from https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=11739743itype=NGPSIDkeyword=qtype=

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828 The Tariff of Abominations was the name outraged southerners gave to a tariff passed in 1828. Residents of the  South believed the tax on imports was excessive and unfairly targeted their region of the country. The tariff, which became law in the spring of 1828, set very high duties on goods imported into the United State. And by doing so it did create major economic problems for the South.  As the South was not a manufacturing center, it had to either import finished goods from Europe (primarily Britain) or buy goods made in the North. Adding insult to injury, the law had obviously been devised to protect manufacturers in the Northeast. With a protective tariff essentially creating artificially high prices, the consumers in the South found themselves at a severe disadvantage when buying products from either Northern or foreign manufacturers. The 1828 tariff created a further problem for the South, as it reduced business with England. And that, in turn, made it more difficult for the English to afford cotton grown in the American South. Intense feeling about the Tariff of Abominations prompted John C. Calhoun to anonymously write essays setting forth his theory of nullification, in which  he forcefully advocated that states could ignore federal laws. Calhouns protest against the federal government eventually led to the Nullification Crisis. Background of the 1828 Tariff The Tariff of 1828 was one of a series of protective tariffs passed in America. After the War of 1812, when English manufacturers began to flood the American market with cheap goods that undercut and threatened new American industry, the U.S. Congress responded by setting a tariff in 1816. Another tariff was passed in 1824. Those tariffs were designed to be protective, meaning they were intended to drive up the price of imported goods and thereby protect American factories from British competition. And they became unpopular in some quarters because the tariffs were always promoted originally as being temporary measures. Yet, as new industries emerged, new tariffs always seemed necessary to protect them from foreign competition. The 1828 tariff actually came into being as part of a complicated political strategy designed to cause problems for President John Quincy Adams. Supporters of Andrew Jackson hated Adams following his election in the Corrupt Bargain election of 1824. The Jackson people drew up legislation with very high tariffs on imports necessary to both the North and South, on the assumption that the bill would not pass. And the president, it was assumed, would be blamed for the failure to pass the tariff bill. And that would cost him among his supporters in the Northeast. The strategy backfired when the tariff bill passed in Congress on May 11, 1828. President John Quincy Adams signed it into law. Adams believed the tariff was a good idea and signed it though he realized it could hurt him politically in the upcoming election of 1828. The new tariff imposed high import duties on iron, molasses, distilled spirits, flax, and various finished goods. The law was instantly unpopular, with people in different regions disliking parts of it, but the opposition was greatest in the South. John C. Calhouns Opposition to the Tariff of Abominations The intense southern opposition to the 1828 tariff was led by John C. Calhoun, a dominating political figure from South Carolina. Calhoun had grown up on the frontier of the late 1700s, yet he had been educated at Yale College in Connecticut and also received legal training in New England. In national politics, Calhoun had emerged, by the mid-1820s, as an eloquent and dedicated advocate for the South (and also for the institution of slavery, upon which the economy of the South depended). Calhouns plans to run for president had been thwarted by lack of support in 1824, and he wound up running for vice president with John Quincy Adams. So in 1828, Calhoun was actually the vice president of the man who signed the hated tariff into law. Calhoun Published a Strong Protest Against the Tariff In late 1828 Calhoun wrote an essay titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which was anonymously published. In his essay Calhoun criticized the concept of a protective tariff, arguing that tariffs should only be used to raise revenue, not to artificially boost business in certain regions of the nation. And Calhoun called South Carolinians serfs of the system, detailing how they were forced to pay higher prices for necessities. Calhouns essay was presented to the state legislature of South Carolina on December 19, 1828. Despite public outrage over the tariff, and Calhouns forceful denunciation of it, the state legislature took no action over the tariff. Calhouns authorship of the essay was kept secret, though he made his view public during the Nullification Crisis, which erupted when the issue of tariffs rose to prominence in the early 1830s. The Significance of the Tariff of Abominations The Tariff of Abominations did not lead to any extreme action (such as secession) by the state of South Carolina. The 1828 tariff greatly increased resentment toward the North, a feeling which persisted for decades and helped to lead the nation toward the Civil War.

Feasibility and Research Report--Tax on Cigarette and Demand on Essay

Feasibility and Research Report--Tax on Cigarette and Demand on Cigarette - Essay Example This objective is scheduled to operate within a seven year duration, whereby the expectation will be of high government revenue and a reduced level of smoking. The results of this project will benefit government, society, environment, smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette contains over 4000 chemical compound and 69 of those chemicals cause cancer. Cigarette harms health by causing diseases such as lung cancer or heart diseases. There are numerous organizations that can help smokers to quit smoking and the government work closely with such organizations to create awareness about the effects of smoking. Other than its addictive characteristics, this study sought to actualize the drive to smoking despite the awareness of its effects to health and spending. The outcome of the study is therefore very important to the Federal U.S. government as well as the Anti-Smoking Agencies. The outcome of the study was not intended to please tobacco manufacturers as this would affect their business, and to some extent the some government agencies were expected to reject the outcome of the study as well due to tax revenue they get from tobacco. However, the study was focused in revealing the truth of tobacco in relations to health effects. Many studies have been done on the health and economic effects of smoking tobacco. Such studies, discussions, or journals were limited to finding the real weight on health, spending etc of smoking cigarettes. Micklethwait, (2013) of the Economist Magazine acknowledges the effects of cigarette products affect the whole society in U.S. According to weekly news involving the economy and business within the U.S. and international business, the Smoking Weight, and Micklethwait, (2013) data percentage showing the rational of teenage smokers reveals that there are 46% teen girls and 30% teen boys do not smoke

Chinese traditional value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese traditional value - Essay Example However, the Chinese traditional values demonstrate the rich history of Confucian culture that emphasis on respect for the elderly and caring for the needy. As far as cultural values are trusted as vital elements in determining the behaviors of members of the society, it is not possible to hear, touch or even taste their existence. This is because cultural values are passionately contained within the hearts of the members of the society where it would be maintained through all dynasties. In contrary to western countries, Chinese has its own unique values, very distinct in terms of morals standards and attitudes some of as identified below (Hofstede 243).THESIS: Chinese traditional values significantly differ with the western traditional cultures. Chinese falls amongst the countries that experience high cultural contexts and for this reason, they exhibit a lot of collectivism in contrary to western countries which endorse a culture of individualism especially in terms of power, what has been gained or what is expected to be gained. Chinese has put at the forefront the recognition of collectivism and value to all members of the society. Their culture is an impediment and labeled with all efforts of synergy as everybody get equal measure of treatment as one unified group. Going by this cultural practice, Chinese value recognizes collectivism as compared to individual identity. Due to such reasons, much attention is given to group unity than self-attention and personal opinions. Moreover, they believed that anybody practicing self-assertive behavior is of disgrace to the society and should awarded no respect since he poses extreme danger on unity or peaceful coexistence between members of the group and the society at large. In s imple terms, all members of the group must harmonize co-existence with each other through allegiance, loyalty, participation and equitable sharing

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet is a story about two star crossed lovers. Who fall deeply in love with each outher the moment they meet. At the beginning of the play Juliet is a child like innocent little girl. She does whatever her mother and father tell her to do, I can tell this by when her mother calls her she runs to her mother, and her first words to her mother are madam what is your will? Here she expresses that she is ready to do as she is told. She knows nothing about the world. This is because she has been educated at home. If Juliet does need to go out of the house it is always with the accompany of the nurse or her mother. Juliet is very obedient to her father. The first rapid change we see within Juliet, the innocent little girl. This happens the minute she meets Romeo. She turns really devious. This all happens after Juliet has kissed Romeo, he is about to set off home. Juliet wants to know what his name is, so she asks the nurse, the names of outher young men before actually asking Romeos name. Whats he that now is going out of door? Marry, that I think be young petruchio Whats he that follows there, that would not dance? here she is referring to Romeo. When the nurse does not know his name Juliet sends the nurse to go and ask him. When the nurse returns she tells Juliet his name is Romeo, and a Montague, the only son of your great enemy. This is the first step Juliet takes where she starts to develop her changes from an innocent girl to a young lady who has to make a decision for herself. This is where Juliet has to make a decision whether or not to for get Romeo or to still think of him knowing that he is one of her great enemies. This is also one of the decisions she has to make on her own, without her mother or anyone knowing. Even though she is crafty Juliet is also rather levelheaded. She shows this when Romeo is deeply in love with Juliet and all he talks about in love non-stop. With loves light wings did I oerperch these, walls, for story limits cannot hold love out: and what love can do, that dares love attempt: therefore the kinsmen are no stop to me. At this moment Romeo is just to deeply in love, and does not really think of what he is saying or doing. Whereas Juliet is more down to earth, and reminds Romeo if what danger he could be in. If they do see thee, they will murder thee. It is still the same night she met Romeo, Juliet turns from a child like daughter into a young lady who just does what she feels like doing. This happens when Juliet purposes to Romeo and asks him to send her his answer the next day. At this point Juliet does not really think of what she is doing, Juliet takes things into her own hands and does not bother thinking of the consequences. Juliet does not even ask anyone else before she asks Romeo to marry him, but instead takes matters into her own hands. One other thing that changes about Juliet is that she does not wait for Romeo to bring up the marriage, but brings it up her self. Which is unusual for the girl to be the one that suggests marriage. After taking matters into her own hands Juliet also becomes very demanding, and impatient, something that you would not expect an nai ve girl to be come like in such short time. The clock struck none when I did send the nurse: In half an hour she promised to return therefore here Juliet remembers how long the nurse had told she would take and Juliet had remembered, this also shows that Juliet has kept track of time and has been counting each minute the nurse has been. When the nurse does finally return with the answer Juliet does not lat her sit down knowing she is out of breath, she just wants to her the reply back. But the nurse who just wants to play around with Juliet gives her a hard time, by not telling her the answer. When Juliet says sweet, sweet, sweet Nurse, tell me, what says my love? Repeating sweet three times Juliet sweet talks her way back to the nurse, which makes the nurse to give in. Juliet becomes very romantic and, loving. This is another one of Juliets changes after she meets Romeo. But to be frank and give it the again: And yet I wish but for the thing I have. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep: the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infinite. Juliet here is saying all this to Romeo and expressing her love to him, so much that she says my love as deep the more I give to thee the more love she gives to Romeo the more I have for both are infinite the more never ending love she holds inside her. Wilt thou be gone? It is not near day. It was the nightingale, and not the lark this is when Romeo and Juliet have spent the night in Juliets bedroom, mourning has broke but Juliet denies that it is mourning when she says it was the nightingale the bird that comes out at night, and that it was not the lark the bird that comes in the mourning. So here Juliet denies that it is mourning because being with Romeo makes time fly past. Therefore this is where Juliet is not the sensible one, and this is the point where Juliet is in an adoring mood. Juliet also shows integrity by saying no to her marriage with Paris. This is where she takes things the hard way. What she could have done she could have married Paris and forget all about Romeo as he was banished. But she loved Romeo and took the hard way. There is another frantic change in Juliet. Being with Romeo has also made her very brave. The first brave aspect we see in Juliet is when she marries her fathers enemys son, Romeo. Knowing what can happen to Romeo and her she still takes the big step in marring Romeo. She is also exceedingly brave when she tells her father that she will not marry Paris. Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, but thankful even for hate that is meant love. This is the first time ever she has disobeyed her father. Making her point loud and clear in saying no to marring Paris. She is also very brave when she takes the potion. At first she cant wait to get her hands on the potion, give me give me. Knowing the potion can go wrong and if she does wake before Romeo has got to her. When I am laid into the tomb, I wake before the time that Romeo comes to re deem me. She still takes the potion for her loves sake. Again she is extremely brave when she kills herself when she sees Romeo dead on the floor Juliet sees the dagger as some sort of cover that will protect her from everything that is happing and take her to her Romeo O happy dagger! This is thy sheath, there rust, and let me die. On the whole I think Juliet does what she does because of the difficulties this feud has caused for her relationship with Romeo. I also think that it is good that Juliet changed throughout the story because if she did stay as an innocent girl she would have never gone as far as marring Romeo. Throughout the whole play every change that she made helped her in many ways. If Juliet did not turn crafty or disloyal to her father she would have never ended up dieing with Romeo. Hansa Saleem 11E Romeo and Juliet essay.

Godfather II :: essays papers

Godfather II The real importance of any movie can't be adequately appraised solely by box office success or critical response. 'The Godfather Part II† is an example of how a carefully crafted sequel to a great film can become both a box office and critical success when attention is paid to its artistic quality. The movie continues the tale of the Corleone family, and presents to the viewers a world filled with greed and betrayal, family union and loyalty. A companion piece in the truest sense of the term, â€Å"The Godfather Part II† earned as much praise as its predecessor, if not more. Earning twelve Academy Award nominations, the second installment has been rightfully hailed as the best sequel of all time. While "The Godfather, Part II" did not exceed the box office gross of the original, the movie can still be considered a blockbuster, and not at all a flop. â€Å"The Godfather† earned instant success when it was first released in 1972. Earning both praise from critics and box office success, making about $135 million, the movie became an instant classic. One of the reasons for the high status of â€Å"The Godfather Part II† lies in the fact that the movie was authored by the same author with the same intent in mind. While other sequels usually serve as nothing more than easy way for unimaginative producers to cash on previous successes, â€Å"The Godfather Part II† was a nice opportunity for â€Å"Coppola to experiment, correct some possible flaws or even answer to critics of his previous work.† (Dragan Antulov, IMDB) The biggest and most serious objection to â€Å"The Godfather† was Coppola's allegedly apologetic portrayal the Mafia. Coppola was accused of showing organized crime as being more noble and less violent than it actually was. His Mafiosi are shown as dedicated family men, opposed to narcot ics and any unnecessary violence, and in some way even better alternative to legitimate government. In the second movie, Coppola intended to use the story of the first part to paint more realistic and, consequently, much darker picture. Instant financial success did not follow â€Å"The Godfather Part Two† as it did the first movie. The reason was created due to the fact that the second movie represented one of the examples of the now generally despised practice in modern Hollywood, making sequels out of the successful, great movies. Godfather II :: essays papers Godfather II The real importance of any movie can't be adequately appraised solely by box office success or critical response. 'The Godfather Part II† is an example of how a carefully crafted sequel to a great film can become both a box office and critical success when attention is paid to its artistic quality. The movie continues the tale of the Corleone family, and presents to the viewers a world filled with greed and betrayal, family union and loyalty. A companion piece in the truest sense of the term, â€Å"The Godfather Part II† earned as much praise as its predecessor, if not more. Earning twelve Academy Award nominations, the second installment has been rightfully hailed as the best sequel of all time. While "The Godfather, Part II" did not exceed the box office gross of the original, the movie can still be considered a blockbuster, and not at all a flop. â€Å"The Godfather† earned instant success when it was first released in 1972. Earning both praise from critics and box office success, making about $135 million, the movie became an instant classic. One of the reasons for the high status of â€Å"The Godfather Part II† lies in the fact that the movie was authored by the same author with the same intent in mind. While other sequels usually serve as nothing more than easy way for unimaginative producers to cash on previous successes, â€Å"The Godfather Part II† was a nice opportunity for â€Å"Coppola to experiment, correct some possible flaws or even answer to critics of his previous work.† (Dragan Antulov, IMDB) The biggest and most serious objection to â€Å"The Godfather† was Coppola's allegedly apologetic portrayal the Mafia. Coppola was accused of showing organized crime as being more noble and less violent than it actually was. His Mafiosi are shown as dedicated family men, opposed to narcot ics and any unnecessary violence, and in some way even better alternative to legitimate government. In the second movie, Coppola intended to use the story of the first part to paint more realistic and, consequently, much darker picture. Instant financial success did not follow â€Å"The Godfather Part Two† as it did the first movie. The reason was created due to the fact that the second movie represented one of the examples of the now generally despised practice in modern Hollywood, making sequels out of the successful, great movies.

International brand equity Essay

This case study is meant to provide a critical evaluation of this research paper on international brand equity in multinational project group. this study tries to find out the scientific quality in its approaches. This study looks into the matter whether, the methodologies used are fine enough to bring out accurate results on the research topic and compare it with the researches done by other researchers on similar topics. If the methodologies used are not appropriate to come out with the real scenario in brand equity cases, the study also provides alternative and appropriate methods that should be used for fulfilling the purpose of this research. Introduction This is a critical review of international brand equity. In this review mentioned about the a particular case study of branded liquor Chivas Regal. Chivas Regal is a premium Scotch whisky produced by Chivas Brothers. It was founded in 1801 in Aberdeen, Scotland. The Chivas brand’s home is Strathisla Distillery at Keith, Moray in Speyside, Scotland. Chivas Regal is one of the good selling premium whiskies in the world, available in more than 200 countries. It is the best selling premium Scotch whisky in Europe and Asia Pacific and is rated one of the world’s good powerful spirits brands. Chivas Regal is one of the best performing spirits brands globally, with sales having grown by 40% over the last four years. Brand equity is the value that built-up in a brand. It is measured based on how much a customer is aware of the brand and consumption of a particular brand. The value of a company’s brand equity can be calculated by comparing the expected future revenue from the branded product with the expected future revenue from an equivalent non-branded product. This calculation is at best an approximation. This value can comprise both tangible, functional attributes (e. g. TWICE the cleaning power or HALF the fat) and intangible, emotional attributes (e. g. The brand for people with style and good taste). Brand equity can be positive or negative. Positive brand equity is created by effective promotion and consistently meeting or exceeding customer thoughts. Negative brand equity is usually the result of bad management. The author only saying the positive side. Literature review The author presented international brand equity in a case study method in this method he mentioned meanings of brand equity and measures of brand equity. The author presented this paper with a solid evidence of reference and key words Board equity; Advertising; Globalization; Marketing research; Multinational companies. The Marketing Science Institute (MSI) state that brand equity can be viewed by customers†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦as both financial and as a set of favourable associations and behaviours† (MSI 1989). Aaker (1991) suggests that brand equity consists of brand associations (brand image), brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived quality, and other brand assets. Aaker (1996)indicates that loyalty is one sufficient importance that other measures, such as perceived quality and associations, can often evaluated based on their ability to influence it. Keller (1993) describes the consumer’s memory as a function of a set of nodes and links of the various associations related to a brand. Perceived quality has been shown to be associated with price premiums, price elasticties, brand usage, and remarkably, stock return (Aaker 1996). Brand awareness reflects the salience of the brand in the customer mind (Faircloth, Capella & Alford 2001). Main argument The author is arguing about the effectiveness of advertising and meaning of brand equity and relationship between the brand proposition and product formulation. The other main arguments are shown below: †¢ Increased diagnostic potential. †¢ Guiding principles established. †¢ Holistic outlook of campaign effects on consumers. †¢ Creating better understanding of the nature of the consumer â€Å"take-out† from the advertising by using indirect techniques e. g. use of projective and enabling techniques. †¢ Knowledge of how consumers might relate to the brand. †¢ Opportunities to unravel complex responses or ambiguity in answers. This research paper is consumer based brand equity which means that Customer-based brand equity is defined as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand in which brand knowledge is conceptualised, based on an associative network memory model in terms of two components, brand awareness and brand image (Keller 2003). Feldwick (1996) notes there are three meanings of brand equity: Brand value: in accounting terms the value of a brand as an asset that can be broken out on a balance sheet. Brand strength: a measure of the strength of a consumer’s attachment to a brand. Brand description: the set of specific attitudes a consumer has towards a brand. Ambler and Vakratsas (1998) have stated that no single set of measures of performance or â€Å"metrics† could apply to all firms and that in practice many such measures are related. They suggested some consumer brand equity metrics as: â€Å"Intermediate† (includes top-line sales, bottom line, awareness, knowledge, relevance, perceived quality etc. ); â€Å"Behaviour† (loyalty, share of category requirements, number of customers gained and lost, new leads, repurchase rates, direct marketing responses) and â€Å"Competitive† (share of market, share of voice, relative/actual/measured quality, relative satisfaction/intention to buy). Clearly, there can be many measures or combination of measures which marketers could decide to include. Indeed, Feldwick has argued that when assessing the health of a person there is no single â€Å"health† score but rather a set of measures which are used to qualitatively assess health. Taking this analogy further, we would argue that the measures that are relevant will depend on the circumstances of the person. For instance, their age (product life cycle? ), history and life expectations – what could be expected given the environment in which the person has lived (market history, conventions and forecasts) and most importantly their psychological well-being. In the latter case, one might examine the extent to which a person has a set of core values that are â€Å"healthy†. Are they consistent within themselves and with the communities in which the person lives and works? Is their expression optimal? The parallels with brand essence research and brand building are topics this paper will address in particular. The approach taken in this paper is that building brand equity in marketing rather than accounting terms is about strengthening a brand in the mind and heart of the consumer. To achieve this, marketing research can help define how this might be achieved, screen marketing programmes before they are implemented and then assess their effectiveness once executed. The concept of brand equity is not new. Certain global brands in the drinks market have, for long, been successful as â€Å"global entities† in their own right, projecting strong cultural identities or what they stand for, e. g. Coca Cola and Johnny Walker which had the slogan â€Å"born 1870 and still going strong†. The best known Seagram brands include Chivas Regal whisky, the Glenlivet malt whisky, Mumm champagne, Martell cognac and Sandeman port and sherry. Better known in the drinks industry for its production and marketing of distilled spirits, wines, coolers, beers, mixers and fruit juices in over 150 countries, Seagram also has investments in the music and entertainment industries. The example of Chivas Regal draws from previous discussion about market research (Nancarrow et al. , 1998). Chivas Regal is Seagram’s definitive luxury Scotch whisky from Strathisla, the oldest operating distillery in Scotland, founded in 1786. From its origins as a whisky consumed by members of the nobility and gentry in Scotland it is now sold across the world to â€Å"discriminating whisky drinkers†. According to Kapferer (1992), successful brand development should take account of the genetic blueprint and core values of a brand. However, brand building must also consider the more peripheral, often local, attributes of an international brand. Marketers can therefore seek to maximise the appeals of their brands through marketing communication methods in global markets, with these principles in mind. As a premium brand, Seagram’s Chivas Regal is advertised and promoted to be positioned as a luxury brand in the minds of consumers. The positioning and investment in consolidating this have been consistent across countries. The designs of local advertising campaigns in the past, therefore, had to meet specific global brand criteria to maintain consistency in terms of consumer perceptions. The core values of the brand should be fundamental to the creation of the blueprint for all marketing communications. However, while it is one thing to hold the view that core values should represent the essence of a truly global brand which could be â€Å"transported† across the world, it is possible that the search for common values may be misunderstood by local management as a search for the lowest common denominator, possibly leading to blandness of approach. At Seagram, global management avoided this by a process of full consultation with their regional and local markets management teams. It is also not always easy for organisations to ensure that their messages to consumers are interpreted by them in the ways in which such organisations had intended. For Seagram it was important to get it right and to deliver advertising messages as effectively as possible to consumers. The â€Å"consultation processes† with consumers in the pre-testing research on press advertising would minimise the risk of distortion as well as contribute up-to-date information about consumer needs and wants. The author used exploratory method with the use of qualitative research approach. Exploratory research is usually conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem The author presented in a good way and he mentioned each and every corner of this research paper. He presented with good reference. The author mentioned qualitative techniques. But only the one defects is not a deep paper Author presented with the help of a table and a graph Discussion In this research paper author selected brand is not suitable for this research paper because liquor products are a different category. In my opinion liquor products are addicted products peoples are selecting only in the base of addiction not for branding sense. The author mentioned two type of testing part one is pre-testing and another one is post-testing it shows that communication effect and sales effect Conclusion In this research paper author presented in a different style and different type of approach. Any way this is a good research paper but little bit defects like the author concentrate only a particular brand. In my opinion this brand is not suitable for research of brand equity because alcohol is a product but peoples are buying to the addiction of alcohol. In this research author more concentrate about the technical part and research part. Reference http://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/ViewContentServlet? contentType=Article&Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0360160411. html (This review is based on this link) Blackston, T. (1992), â€Å"Observations: Building Brand Equity by Managing the Brand’s Relationships,† Journal of Advertising Research, (May):79-83. Feldwick, P. (1996) ‘What is Brand Equity anyway, and how do you measure it? ‘, MRS Conference, Birmingham International Convention Centre, March. Feldwick, P. (1999) ‘Brand research’, in C. Mcdonald and P. Vangelder (Eds. ) ESOMAR Handbook of Market and Opinion Research. Gordon, W. (1991) ‘Researching a brand’, in D. Cowley, Understanding Brands, Kogan Page. Nancarrow, C. , Wright, L. T. and Woolston, C. (1998) ‘Pre-testing international press advertising: the need for informed consensus on methodology’, Qualitative Market Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25-8. De Ruyter, Ko. and Scholl, R. (1998) ‘Positioning qualitative market research: reflections from theory and practice’, Qualitative Market Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 7-14. Wright L. T. and Crimp, M. (2000) The Marketing Research Process, Prentice Hall, Fifth Edition. Blamires, C. (1999) ‘Pricing research’ in C. Mcdonald and P. Vangelder (Eds. ) ESOMAR Handbook of Market and Opinion Research. Axelrod, J. N. (1992) ‘The use of experimental design in monitoring brand equity’, Proceedings of the Seminar: The Challenge of Branding Today and in the Future, Brussels, ESOMAR Crimmins, J. C. (1992) ‘Better measurement and management of brand value’, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 32, No. 4, July/August. Chavda, D. (1998) ‘Gaining competitive advantage through equity EngineSM and Brand relationships’, International paper adapted from a talk given at the 19th Annual American Marketing Association’s Marketing Research Conference (14 September, Chicago, USA). Morgan, R. (1998) ‘If the public reckon all products work, is emotion what counts? ‘ Research Plus, January. Farr, A. (1998) ‘How brand values sort the strong from the vulnerable’, Research Plus, January. Cooper, A. (1998) ‘Brand equity – a lifestage model’, Research Plus, January.

Military of Ancient Egypt: Warfare

Egypt’s military holds as much interest and rich history as other studies of the ancient era. The world’s first armies are known for the invention and spread of agriculture coupled with the domestication of animals in the fifth millennium, of which set the stage for the emergence of the first large-scale, complex urban societies around 4000 B. C. (Gabriel & Metz, 1991). Within five hundred years, the stone tools and weapons used by the ancient Egyptian military evolved to bronze of which its manufacture marked a warfare revolution. Birth of warfare was possible as Egyptian societies emerged in complexity and with fully articulated social structures that provided stability and legitimacy to new social roles and behaviors. Ancient Egyptian urban societies experienced a revolution in social structures that rested upon the new economic base and was most important to the emergence of war. Gabriel & Metz (1991) credit the conduct of war as a legitimate social function supported by an extensive institutional infrastructure, noted by the authors as a â€Å"mechanism of cultural development† (p. 3). Warfare was an indispensable function of the social order in ancient Egypt in order for people were to survive the predatory behavior of others. During the fourth millennium in Egypt, a range of social, political, economic, psychological, and military technologies emerged. The purpose of the emergence was to make the conduct of war a normal part of social existence. Egypt evolved from a state in which warfare was rare and typically ritualistic to one in which death and destruction were achieved on a modern scale. During this same period, warfare assumed great proportions in the size of the armies involved, the administrative mechanisms needed to sustain them, the development of weapons, the frequency of occurrence, and the scope of destruction achievable by military force (Gabriel & Metz, 1991). This marked the fully emergence of the one of the world’s first armies. According to studies by Dollinger (2000), the use of bronze weapons (referenced earlier) is believed to have originated during the Middle Kingdom. Dollinger believes â€Å"bronze Middle Kingdom arrowheads may have been imported from the Middle East† and further explains the production and manufacture of bronze in Egypt â€Å"became common only in the time of the 18th dynasty† (para 1). Egypt’s dependence on other areas for production and import of weapons put it at a disadvantage compared to the rising empires of the east during the first millennium BCE. Furthermore, Dollinger asserts that copper and bronze casting and hammering may have been developed by the Egyptians themselves (para 2). The production and manufacture of weapons was handled in armories where the complete weaponry was also stored. â€Å"When his majesty took action against the Asiatic sand-dwellers, his majesty made an army of many tens of thousands from all of Upper Egypt: †¦; from Lower Egypt: †¦; and from Irtjet-Nubians, Medja-Nubians, Yam-Nubians, Wawat-Nubians, Kaau-Nubians; and from Tjemeh-land.† (The Autobiography of Weni; Lichtheim M, Ancient Egyptian Literature Vol.1, p. 19) Prior to the conquest of Lower Egypt by the Hyksos, the majority of all conflicts the Egyptians fought had been civil wars (Dollginer, 2000; Schulman, 1964). The armies, predominately handled via draft led by noblemen, were comprised peasants and artisans. It was during the period of the Old Kingdom that foreigners were incorporated into the army. Historians, including Dollinger (2000), believe the Egyptians may have signed contracts with foreign potentates to insure the supply of mercenaries. As the Egyptian army evolved, old traditions became obsolete, making it easier for advancement. In fact, many army commanders reached kingship. Such notable kings include Horemheb and Ramses I (XIX Dynasty). Many of the new kings â€Å"surrounded themselves with former soldiers whose loyalty and self-sacrifice they had experienced† (Dollinger, 2000). One soldier was Didu, a professional soldier appointed to the post of responsible for the deserts east of Thebes. He later became representative to foreign countries, â€Å"standard bearer† (leader) of the king’s guard, captain of the ship Meri-amen, and commander of the police force (2000). As time progressed, finding capable soldiers became almost impossible. Empires expanded, making the need even greater. It was during this time that the Egyptians began to enlist prisoners of war into their army (e.g. Sherden, captured during the incursions of the Sea Peoples) (Dollginer, 2000; Schulman, 1964). During the late period in ancient Egypt, foreign commanders, even those of a different ethnic group, frequently led mercenary troops. However, foreigner’s allegiance was often far from what the Egypt army needed. Dollinger explains, â€Å"†¦obedience was not always ensured† (2000). Nevertheless, such disobedience was handled accordingly, even in a most violent manner (e.g., Phanes of Halicarnassos deserted to Cambyses; his troops punished him by killing his children before his eyes). Egyptian history -especially that of its military- is comprised of diversity and rich changes. Covering all aspects and timelines within these pages is impossible. However, through the brief references, this paper supports ancient Egyptian military as a strong emerging force that advanced from a subtle state to a mass enterprise. The military was formerly known as a meek unit, rarely engaging in any major battle. Today, historians reveal the Egyptian military and its evolution as one of the finest and most notable armies in the world. References: Dollinger, A. (2000). A Short History of Ancient Egypt. Retrieved January 3, 2007 from http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history.htm Gabriel, R. A. & Metz, K. S. (1991). From Sumer to Rome: The Military Capabilities of Ancient   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Armies. Greenwood Press: Westport, CT, 2-24. Lichtheim, M. The Autobiography of Weni. Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol.1, p. 19. Schulman, A.R. (1964) Military Rank, Title and Organization in the Egyptian New Kingdom, Hessling: Munich.   

Overview of the Russian Revolution essays

Overview of the Russian Revolution essays There were two revolutions in Russia in 1917. One was in February in which the czarist regime was overthrown, and a republic was established led by the Duma. The communists overthrew the Duma and held elections. Lenin did not win the election but seized power anyway. This caused the civil in October. In the October revolution, the Bolsheviks (reds) fought and defeated the Mensheviks ( the whites ). The Russian Revolution changed the course of Russia causing them to become a superpower which gave Russia the ability to change the world. The first Leader of the U.S.S.R. was Lenin. Lenin was a strong, influential, and charismatic leader. He rallied the people of Russia around him and promised them more equality. The people of Russia loved Lenin even though he ruled for a very short time. Lenin died in 1924, but before his death, he warned of future leader Stalin's brutal strategies and tactics. Russia became a communist country because of Lenin and many other people, but Lenin set the course for Russian greatness and power over the next seventy years. Under Stalin, Russia became a superpower and the second most industrialized country in the world, however at a heavy price. Throughout Stalin's period of rule, he introduced multiple five-year plans that caused Russia to put everything into the industry and did greatly industrialize the country. However, due to Stalin's great focus on industry Russia had shortages in other areas. There were not enough farms, farmers, or food to feed and provide for the people of Russi a. Many Russian died of starvation and other things during Stalin's period of rule, but Stalin did not care about these deaths. Stalin kept putting more into the industry and as a result of this Russian people kept dying. Stalin's main goal was to make Russia more industrialized and powerful which he accomplished at the expense of many Russian lives. After the Russian Revolution the world reconsidered the emphasis given to...

Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading

Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. Also known as  global grading, single-impression scoring, and impressionistic grading. Developed by the Educational Testing Service, holistic grading is often used in large-scale assessments, such as college placement tests. Graders are expected to make judgments based on criteria that have been agreed upon before the start of an evaluation session. Contrast with analytic grading. Holistic grading is useful as a time-saving approach, but it does not provide students with detailed feedback. Observations Teachers who practice holistic grading refuse to break down a students essay into separate problems like punctuation and paragraphing, but base their grade on their immediate sense of the whole derived from a deliberately nonanalytical reading.(Peggy Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us. Oxford University Press, 1984)Holistic Grading and Peer ReviewIf the speed of grading is more important than detailed feedback, then  holistic grading is  more appropriate; it just means less feedback for the writer. Pairs or small groups can also evaluate one anothers work using this rubric. Called peer review, it gives them practice in evaluation, helps them internalize the criteria, and relieves you of the burden of grading.(Nancy Burkhalter,  Critical Thinking Now: Practical Teaching Methods for Classrooms Around the World.  Rowman Littlefield,  2016)Inductive Holistic Grading[Holistic grading] is relatively quick, efficient, reliable, and fair when ba cked by instructor experience, practice, and familiarity with the student performance range at the institution. In addition, it easily accommodates essays and assignments that demand higher-order thinking and have multiple respectable responses.With inductive holistic grading, which is suitable for small classes, you read quickly through all the responses or papers, rank each above or below the ones you have already read, from best to worst, and then group them for assigning grades. Finally, you write up descriptions of the quality of each group and then give them to students when you return their work. To personalize the feedback, you can add comments to each students sheet or highlight the most applicable parts of the appropriate description.(Linda B. Nilson, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 3rd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2010) Advantages and Disadvantages of Holistic Grading- An advantage to holistic grading is that graders can evaluate many papers in a short span of time because they do not comment on or correct the students work. Advocates of this method also propose that it makes grading more objective, since students names do not appear on the papers and since the rater may not have had the student in a class . . ..Critics of the method have questioned its validity and reliability, arguing that holistic ratings are swayed by superficial factors such as length and appearance of an essay, that holistic ratings cannot be generalized beyond the group that designed the criteria for judgment, and that the agreed-upon criteria can limit the readers views on the merits of the writing they are evaluating . . ..(Edith Babin and Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies: A Guide to Theorists and Terms. Greenwood Press, 1999)- [H]olistic grading is  probably not the best tactic, even if it seems the ea siest and quickest. Assigning a single score, grade, or judgment leaves the student unsure about both quality and content. One simple approach is to give a composition one grade for content coverage and a separate grade for writing quality.(Robert C. Calfee and Roxanne Greitz Miller, Best Practices in Writing Assessment for Instruction.  Best Practices in Writing Instruction, 2nd ed., edited by  Steve Graham et al. Guilford Press, 2013) Holistic RubricsHolistic rubrics are the quickest way to score papers in any content area, requiring a teacher to read a paper only once. Teachers can develop rubrics by basing them on the content theyve taught and practiced; assess papers based on established criteria agreed upon by students and teachers; and give a single holistic score that indicates the quality level of the writing, ranging from deficient to competent to outstanding.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)

Monopolies in Todays Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Monopolies in Todays Market - Essay Example Atimes, monopolies exist as a result of government backings in which case the monopolies provide goods, products or services which the government considers essential to the well being of the people. The absence of supply curve in the monopolized market causes inefficient allocation of society's resources. Therefore there is that tendency for a monopolist to charge high prices and probably making higher profits compared with firms in perfect competition. The objective of this paper is to unravel the role of monopolies in today's market and the implications of technology and systems on the monopolies. The rest of this paper examines different types of monopoly, its revenue, monopoly and price discriminations, and implications of technology and systems. (a) Pure Monopoly: This is a type of monopoly that exists in a particular region or city in which its products have no close substitutes. This makes it possible for the monopolist to charge extra prices because their products are necessities. (b) Natural Monopoly: A monopoly that exists because of economies of scale it enjoys in which large scale production brings lower average cost. Even though a competitor arises in the industry lower prices the monopolist would charge is capable of sending the competitor off the market. (c) Efficiency Monopoly: When government does not legalize monopoly, a monopoly may exist largely due to its ability to satisfy the customers in which case competition is inadvertently rule out. (d) Legal Monopoly: This form of monopoly has government backing such that laws are enacted to simply rule out competition. Wikipedia says "when such a monopoly is granted to a private party, it is a government granted monopoly; when it is operated by government itself, it is government monopoly or state monopoly". Monopoly Revenue Basically, a monopolist faces downward sloping demand curve which is also the firm's average revenue curve. As the monopolist sells a single price for its products, average revenue per product is the same as the price. For the monopolist to increase its sales it charges lower unit price for its products. At price P1 the monopolist only manages to sell Q1 quantity of the product; in order to increase its sales it reduces the price from P1 to P2 and as such sales is increased from Q1 to Q2 which he now gains in figure 1 below. Given the above scenario, the differential of the total revenue in relation to quantity gives marginal revenue which shows that the additional revenue large enough to offset the reduction in price. Figure 1: Showing Monopolist's gain brought about by price reduction. However, the monopolist maximizes profit where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The reason is the since marginal cost is always greater than zero the monopolist will operate at profit because marginal revenue will be positive and where demand is elastic. If the monopolist stops production where marginal cost is less than marginal revenue, he will be leaving his profit untapped while quantity in which marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost the firm will be operating at losses. Profit maximizing price is determined by drawing a line where marginal co

Farming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Farming - Essay Example This word is a combination of â€Å"Taino batata† which stands for the sweet potato and the â€Å"Quecha papa† which is the actual potato. Reportedly, it was first cultivated in Peru and Bolivia (Spooner, McLean, Ramsay, Waugh, and Bryan 14694). It is a tuber that usually grows up to about 24 inches or 60 centimetres. Like other tubers, potatoes’ formations are dependent on daylight hours (Amador, Bou, Martinez-Garcia, Monte, Rodriguea-Falcon, Russo, and Prat 38). However, this tendency has been controlled in several varieties. As stated by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization in 2005, potato is the world’s fourth-largest agricultural yield. It is following other staple crops such as wheat, rice, and corn. In fact, the common individual eats up to 33 kilograms or 73 pounds of this root vegetable each year. Aside from food, potato can also be used in other ways. It has otherwise been employed in different merchandises such as alcoholic beve rages, adhesives, and even ointments. Regarding potatoes’ role in history, potatoes were one of the crops used to help keep soldiers fed during the American Civil War. Logistics showed that the different armies strived to have enough nutrition. This is depicted in the documentary film, The Civil War which was created by Ken Burns in 1990. The vegetable was usually served in small compressed cubes. Potatoes were particularly helpful in those rations since other kinds of food such as rice were frequently infested. This information is backed up by the history of rations prepared by the Quartermaster School of the United States Army Quartermaster Foundation. The notes show that a part of the civil war rations by congressional acts in 1860 and 1861 have included potatoes. The record stated that 7 ounces of potatoes per soldier was proportioned. The potato ration was then increased in the Spanish American war. Additionally, a memoir of a soldier documented some of their usual nouri shment. â€Å"Each battalion has its own galley, but chow on Pavuvu consisted mainly of heated C rations: dehydrated eggs, dehydrated potatoes, and that detestable canned meant called Spam† (Manchester 260). To make rations last longer, the usual perishable goods were preserved often through dehydration. Another anecdote is from Private Walter Carter, 22nd Massachusetts Regiment. He wrote from near Washington in September 1862, â€Å"This morning I went foraging, and got corn, potatoes, cabbages, beets, etc. to make a grand boiled dinner. It was a great treat, after living so long on nothing; it tasted like home. It is fun to see the boys roasting corn and potatoes, frying meat and making coffee. I can cook almost anything now in a rude way† (161). From the aforementioned statements, it is clear that the soldiers lived on potatoes among other kinds of food. Relatedly, potato is one of the central harvests that were maximized in World War I. The government produced pamp hlets such as â€Å"Without Wheat†, â€Å"Sweets without Sugar†, and â€Å"Potato Possibilities†. These propagandas aimed to conserve resources for those fighting in the battle fields. The pamphlets were issued by the Federal Board of New York and supported by the United States Food Administration. The four-paged-pamphlet introduced potato as a â€Å"staff of life†, the introductions were written as: â€Å"It furnishes fuel for the body. It gives mineral salts which help to keep the blood in good condition. It is easily digested. It is a good food all

Ethics and Morality Aspects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics and Morality Aspects - Essay Example And these laws are scattered in over 50 titles of the United States Code, encompassing roughly 27,000 pages" (Rosenzweig, 2003). The criminal laws now deal with even minor offenses like spitting on the street, swearing, behavior in public places etc. These laws also deal with sexual offenses or behavior that over the years has evolved. The issues of 'White Collar crimes' that must have been dealt by specialized civil laws are now the part of the criminal laws. Similarly the street laws that should have been enforced by the state laws are also now part of the federal criminal laws. Criticism is hurled in the way of such legislations that they are most of the times too harsh on crimes committed by citizens. Over criminalization, is considered to be more politically motivated. These laws seem to be an attempt by politicians and federal bureaucrats to deal with crime rates. Instead of emphasizing the protection of individual rights, it preserves the political interests of the state and certain majority groups. The nature of such laws is such that it could lead to the misuse of criminal laws. The plummeted growth of such federal criminal laws has given way to a debate that over criminalization has resulted in crisis situation in America. Ethics and morality aspects come under discussion when the topic of over criminalization is debated. ... According to the Right theory philosophers, what makes human beings different from mere animals or inanimate things is that people have dignity based on their ability to choose freely what they will do with their lives, and they have a fundamental moral right to have these choices respected. According to them, people are not objects to be manipulated and it is a violation of human dignity to use people in ways they do not freely choose. There are certain ethical theories that grant people deviate in certain circumstance. For example telling a lie is considered ethically and morally wrong. In certain circumstances a person can lie to save one's own or some other person's life. If there was a law to regulate lying then that person would get caught. Laws in situations that involve moral or ethical issues can make things more complicated. Ethics and morality standards also vary from one person to another. Showing public affection for one person is ok but for another it is ethically incorrect. It is therefore hard to generalize one ethical standard on every person particularly with respect to issues related to people's personal choices. Rights under Constitution American constitution provides its countrymen the right of freedom of expression under its laws. Americans are of the view that this right of freedom is not just related to speech and writing but they can express themselves in any way possible. They believe they can do what they want and these are the rights people want to exercise when they confront strict laws that they think at times restricts their privacy and freedom of expression. In this regard, it would be necessary to mention the clauses invoked to support the point of