Personal Writing My Personal Experience In Writing

Christian Hannah Professor Weeks (Mackey) ENC1101 - FSCJ 09/20/2017 Lost As a writer, I find myself getting lost. Typically, when I go to start writing I hit a brick wall. It’s as if all my thoughts suddenly escape my mind and I draw a blank. It takes me forever to conjure up some form of a thesis and then takes even longer to figure out what I should write to support it in a way that makes sense. Then, attempting to find a way to organize my ideas and put them together in cohesive paragraphs seems like an impossible task in the moment. It is not uncommon for me to get flustered and just throw something down on the paper because I get anxious seeing how much work is left to do. If I end up going back to read it over prior to submission,†¦show more content†¦Also, I know I can get off topic when I run out of ideas so keeping the main idea consistent throughout the essay is something I surely need to improve upon. On the contrary, some strengths I possess include proper utilization of grammar and diverse vocabulary. My attitude towards writing is very unfavorable. I just don’t enjoy it at all. It’s a very tedious task when you factor in all of the revision steps that it takes to produce a quality essay. Writing requires a long amount of time spent planning and preparing that is not for impatient people like myself. However, I believe that with a little bit of some confidence and patience, I could learn to enjoy myself when I write. I think it’s a great outlet for some but just hasn’t ever really been something that made me feel relaxed or stress-free. Writing just clouds my head with confusion and anxiety. I guess I can blame this on the fact that all my previous experiences writing has been academic and in a time-restricted environment. However, I am excited to see how my impression of writing changes throughout my college career now that I am not confined to a forty-minute window. I know that a bad habit I seem to have developed is getting lazy with how beefy the content of my essay is. Sometimes I won’t completely explain something or won’t finish a thought because I tend to get discouraged or because I’m under pressure to finishShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience of a Writing Situation at the Workplace705 Words   |  3 PagesI once had to write a letter to employees in my company as I worked as an assistant to someone in a high position explaining to them why a certain room that used to be a break room was now off limits to them. What had happened is that there were employees who were abusing their privileges in the break room. Some had stolen soda from a refrigerator as well as some beer that was put in there for special meetings that my boss had with individuals coming to the company. People were aware that while theyRead MoreWriting Is An Art That Improves Through Time With Consistent Practice And Exploration Of One s Skills1234 Words   |  5 PagesWriting is an art that improves through time with consistent practice and exploration of one’s skills. Prior to this class, I have always considered myself to be an efficient writer. However, my writing was limited in the scope of academic writing, due to the fact that throughout my high school career, that is the most of what was expected to be written from me. In this class I was able to dive further into my writing and explore with my skills in the context of creative writing, poetry, as wellRead MoreReflection About Literacy1263 Words   |  6 Pagesrefined level of effective reading and writing. This â€Å"sponsor of literacy† can be found among all readers and writers. They are the individuals who had nurtured growth in education and formed the bricks of your first step towards literacy. Through identifying and studying this process, an individual can proudly take the next step upward towards effective and refined writing. Through pain and agony, I was a very resistant child and most of my reading experiences were forced upon me. I remember havingRead MoreReflection1179 Words   |  5 Pages Writing has always been one of my strengths, enabling me to freely express my creative thoughts in a controlled manner onto a piece of paper. Although my writing process takes a long time, I have complete power over the sentences and structures that I am weaving together to form a cohesive whole. Throughout High School, I was trained to write a structured essay in an ample amount of time by writing, editing, and finalizing my draft. Most of our work involved writing individual essays and researchRead MoreReflection Paper About English Composition930 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Composition I has developed my style of writing and my skills analyzing and researching topics to write a piece about a topic. Throughout the course, I got better at analyzing articles and pieces to get the meaning of the topic. With that improved skill I was more able to use the information given from the text and install it into my essays, with proper citation if needed. Before taking the English Compositio n course, I was not one to organize my essays in an ordeal order to clearly stateRead MoreInterview With My Classmate Emma Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesI conducted an interview with my classmate Emma, in English 101. I asked her about her passion on writing, her experiences, her attitude towards writing etc. Our conversation took around half an hour in total. The interview was in a casual way, we felt free to ask and answer questions and she was open minded. Emma moved from Texas to Illinois in August 2015. Her intention of moving to Illinois was to get into Art Institute Chicago. She told me that â€Å"It is really hard to get into that institution†Read More Transformational Writing Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesTransformational Writing In the piece, Coming into language, Jimmy Santiago Baca reflects his time spent in prison, where he battled illiteracy and experimented with personal writing. Orphaned at the age of two, Baca spent most of his life in the barrio and on the streets. He dropped out of school in the ninth grade and became a felon at the age of seventeen. Completely illiterate, Baca discovered his heritage in a picture book of Chicano history. A Chicano, Baca identified with theRead MorePersonal Experience: English Composition Course622 Words   |  3 Pages Focusing in self- evaluation to improve the learning process, help me to set goals and be aware of my own mistakes. When the English Composition course started, I wanted to be able to express my thoughts and my ideas in an effective way. The continuation of my education was very difficult, and I began to doubt myself when faced with the first couple of weeks. My first assignment was my most difficult assignment, and I found myself having trouble sticking to a thesis, because I had so manyRead MoreThe First Year Writing Program883 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the semester, the first year writing program gave students the privilege to become improved writers. Students received the opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses and come to a conclusion on what makes favorable writing. While writing the assigned essays this semester, I realized being able to read and write about something that is relatable is extremely critical. When an individual can relate to what they are reading, they will be more engaged compared to reading a pieceRead MoreWhen Reflecting On What Made Me The Writer I Am Today,1672 Words   |  7 Pagesreflecting on what made me the writer I am today, my first thought was, â€Å"Well clearly, I’m a writer because I’m a reader.† As a child, I devoured all kinds of books and spent hours on exploits in different worlds, with Harry and the gang at Hogwarts, or w ith the Pevensie kids in Narnia. And I thought that inevitably and gradually, reading is what led me to create my own universes and stories through writing. In fact, one of my first memories associated with writing was winning third place at a story competition

Effects and Information Free Essays

There are multiple different health problems that may result from the presence of infectious microorganisms in recreational waters. Epidemiological studies have shown a number of adverse health outcomes such as gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, to be associated with fecally polluted recreational water. Evidence from the World Health Organization (2003), suggests that the most frequent adverse health outcome associated with exposure to fecally contaminated recreational water is enteric illness, such as self-limiting gastroenteritis. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects and Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the pathogenic water-borne organisms are acquired by ingesting contaminated water because they affect the digestive tract. Pathogenic organisms in feces such as Salmonella, Giardia, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium are known to cause gastrointestinal illnesses, skin, ear, and eye infections can also result from contact with contaminated water (Peeples, 2007). There has been a documented association of transmission of Salmonella paratyphi, the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, with recreational water use. Also, rates of typhoid in Egypt have been observed in among bathers from beaches polluted with untreated sewage (WHO, 2003). Other illnesses associated with recreational waters in the USA are listed below (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007): Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium in the same family as those that cause cholera. It normally lives in warm seawater because they require salt. Cryptosporidium is one of the most frequent causes of waterborne disease (drinking water and recreational water) among humans in the United States and can be life threatening in persons with weakened immune systems. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium in the same family as those that cause cholera. It lives in brackish saltwater and causes gastrointestinal illness in humans. V. parahaemolyticus naturally inhabits coastal waters in the United States and Canada and is present in higher concentrations during summer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often called Swimmer’s Ear, is frequently caused by infection with a germ. This germ is common in the environment and is microscopic so that it can’t be seen with the naked eye. Shigella bacteria may contaminate water if sewage runs into it, or if someone with shigellosis swims in or plays with it, Shigella infections can then be acquired by drinking, swimming in, or playing with the contaminated water. Noroviruses are a group of viruses that cause the â€Å"stomach flu,† or gastroenteritis (in people. Noroviruses are found in the stool or vomit of infected people and people can become infected with the virus by eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with norovirus. Giardia intestinalis , a microscopic parasite which causes Giardia. Giardia causes diarrheal illness, and is a common cause of waterborne disease in humans in the United States. Current recreational water-quality guidelines are based on studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s (Cabelli et al. 1975, 1979, 1982; Dufour 1984). The customary method used to measure recreational water quality require at least 24-48 hrs to culture fecal indicator bacteria colonies, such as Enterococcus spp. or Escherichia coli. The culturing along with counting the colony-forming units, makes it impossible for beach managers to assess the quality of water within a single day. A significant drawback is that microbial water quality can change rapidly (Boehm et al. 2002). Guidelines based on indicator organisms that require almost two days to develop, the great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted by contaminated water, and the difficulty in addition to the cost of directly measuring all microbial pathogens in environmental samples (Wade, Calderon, Sams, Beach, Brenner, Williams, Dunfor, 2006), are likely to result in both unnecessary beach closings and the exposure of swimmers to poor-quality water. Also, current indicator microbes are based solely on fecal contamination and may not accurately assess the risk of disease due to countless other potential pathogens that cause skin, upper respiratory tract, eye, ear, nose, and throat diseases. A study done in 2004, estimated that up to 40% of beach closures are in error (Kim and Grant 2004). Earth911. com(n. d. ) provides the public with specific information regarding the most recent water quality conditions at local beaches. Beaches911 provides information generated and uploaded directly by local government agencies to include the type of bacteria detected, or why the warning is in place. Independent analysis or historical reporting of water quality is not provided by Beaches911. The Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act (BEACH Act) required EPA to develop and publish a list of discrete coastal recreation waters adjacent to beaches or similar points of access that are used by the public that specifies whether the waters are subject to a monitoring and notification program. EPA’s BEACON, Beach Advisory and Closing Online Notification has the latest information that states have sent to the EPA. BEACON is a breakdown of monitored and unmonitored coastal beaches by county and answers the following questions: †¢ How many notification actions were reported and how long were they? †¢ What percentage of days were beaches under a notification action? †¢ How do 2007 results compare to previous years? †¢ What pollution sources affect monitored beaches? States and local governments decide whether to open or close a beach. They report that information to EPA, but because the states vary in how quickly the information is sent, the EPA doesn’t always have real-time reports. If BEACON doesn’t have up-to-date information, anyone searching for beach information would need to find their state’s information by contacting the regional EPA office. Although there is a lot of information about which beaches are tested and when, the different monitoring agencies do not give specific information regarding water test results i. e. – type of bacteria detected, warning information regarding those results, and information describing the health risks of any detected environmental hazard. References Boehm A. , Grant S. , Kim J. , Mowbray S. , McGee C. , Clark C. ,et al. (2002). Decadal and shorter period variability of surf zone water quality at Huntington Beach, California. Environ Sci Technol 36(18):3885–3892. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://pubs. acs. org/doi/pdf/10. 1021/es020524u? cookieSet=1 Cabelli, V. , Dufour, A. , Levin, M. , McCabe L. , Haberman, P. , (1979). Relationship of microbial indicators to health effects at marine bathing beaches. Am J Public Health 69(7):690–696. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/picrender. fcgi? artid=1619103blobtype=pdf Center for Disease Control, (2007). National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases. Retrieved 10 January 2009, from http://www. cdc. gov/healthyswimming/water_illness_a_to_z. htm Earth911. com(n. d. ), Beaches911- Beach Water Quality. Retrieved 12 January 2009 , from http://www. earth911. org/waterquality/index. asp? cluster=0 Kim, J. , Grant, S. ,(2004). Public mis-notification of coastal water quality: a probabilistic evaluation of posting errors at Huntington Beach, California. Environ Sci Technol 38(9):2497–2504. Retrieved 11 January 2009, from http://pubs. acs. org/doi/pdf/10. 1021/es034382v Peeples, B. (2007). Why did my favorite beach close today?. Retrieved 10 January 2009, from http://earth911. com/blog/2007/07/19/beaches-july/ U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA(n. d. ). Beach Monitoring and Notification. Retreived 12 January 2009, from http://www. epa. gov/waterscience/beaches/technical. html Wade, T. , Calderon, R. , Sams, E. , Beach, M. , Brenner, K. , Williams, A. , Dunfour, A. ,(2006). Rapidly Measured Indicators of Recreational Water Quality Are Predictive of Swimming-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 114(1): 24-25. Retrieved 12 January 2009, from http://www. ehponline. org/realfiles/members/2005/8273/8273. pdf WHO (2003). Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments. Retreived 12 January 2009, from http://whqlibdoc. who. int/publications/2003/9241545801. pdf How to cite Effects and Information, Papers

Benefits To The Russian Government From Foreign †Free Samples

Questions: 1.What are the benefits to the Russian government from foreign direct investment in general and in the oil industry in particular? 2.What are the risks that foreign companies must bear when making investment in Russia? What are the sources of this risk? How substantial are they? 3.Is there any way foreign companies can reduce these risks? Answers: 1. FDI holds an important place in the macro as well as micro economy of Russia. It has led to important economic development as it has provided proper allocation of funds to the state budget where the distribution of funds were inadequate. FDI has helped in enhancing the scientific and technical potential of Russia (Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). It has also provided access to the Russian products in international market. Due to an opening in international market FDI has improved the production of various industries in Russia. Moreover FDI has helped in starting up new business ventures based on production in the country. The most important contribution of FDI to Russian economy is the development of their abundant natural resources especially in the field of oil. Russia has been largest oil exporter in the world and it maintained its status quo for a long time which has made it the global superpower for a better part of the century (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). But after dissolution o f the Soviet Union, Russian oil companies started to fade due to lackluster condition and improper availability of funds. FDI has helped those oil companies to re-establish themselves by providing them with proper funds to enhance their technology and upgrade their infrastructure to compete in the international market. 2. After the dissolution of Soviet Union, Russia has suffered from economic breakdown as its government machinery has lacked the means and resources to uplift its economy(Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). In recent days Russian currency has taken a dip in the international market and has become one of the weakest currencies. Due to this reason Global players are reluctant in investing in Russian economy. Moreover, Russia has been at war with one or the other countries which has weakened its economy to a substantial level. Even if global investors try to start a venture in Russia their strict rules and regulations restrict the global players to take part in the Russian economy. Even with the presence of abundant natural resources, Russia is not able to produce the desired output because of the ignorance of its government and legislative rules (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). Consumerism in Russia is not very market friendly which is why generic products are not manufactured and sold in Russia. Investors are scared of the market responses and from the attitudes of the government which is not very business oriented. Russia has about 70% of their assets owned by the state which prohibits investment and entrepreneurship in business ventures. These risks are quite substantial for a businessman to invest in Russia. 3. Russian economy can only be uplifted through incorporation of big oil companies like Royal Dutch Shell, Gazprom, British Petroleum and Sianco which are very deep pocketed and have the economic leverage to break the shackles of sanction rules in Russia (Berdysheva Romanova, 2017). Oil is still the most prominent factor which can revive Russian economy if big oil companies are allowed to trade in the Russian oil.The main barrier for the upgradation of Russian economy is its strict rules and sanction regulations which can be modified for the oil companies if they are willing to have proper negotiation with the Russian government (Kapusuzoglu Ceylan, 2017). References Berdysheva, E., Romanova, R. (2017). Rethinking prices during an economic crisis: Calculation as a new mode of consumer behavior in Russia.International Journal of Consumer Studies. Kapusuzoglu, A., Ceylan, N. B. (2017). The Impact of Russian Economy on the Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth of Turkey: Pre-and Post-Global Financial Crisis. InGlobal Financial Crisis and Its Ramifications on Capital Markets(pp. 275-286). Springer International Publishing.

Information for Soap Notes free essay sample

Associate Level Material Case Study Information for SOAP Notes Read the following three patient visits. Rewrite the information using correct medical terminology. The visits below are written in layman’s terms and do not use the correct medical terminology. Re-write the information in medical terms for the charts. You must determine where the information is to be placed in the SOAP note. Patient One – Chapter Six 22-year-old African American female 140/60 BP 99 F Pulse is 38 Breathing is 22 per minute Patient states she is not on any medicine at the time Patient states her reason for the visit is she is having severe back pain for 5 days now Past has been told she has sickle cell anemia Physician tells patient they are going to draw blood and give her IV with fluids. Physician states the IV will contain something for the pain Blood work showed white blood cells 4300, hemoglobin 13. 1 g/dL, hematocrit 39. 9%, platelets 162,000, segs 65. We will write a custom essay sample on Information for Soap Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9, lymphs 27, monos 3. 4 Physician observes patient is alert Physician finds that head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat are okay Physician determines the patient is having a sickle cell crisis Physician finds that the patient has numbness in hands and feet Patient states she just has not been feeling well lately She reports â€Å"I do not test my levels daily with that machine it hurts so I just base my levels on how well I feel† Physician observes that the patient has some discoloration of her skin Physician sees that the head, eyes, ears, nose and throat are okay Physician hears that the heart sounds good, nothing sounds off Physician wants patient to come to the office in 1 month Physician tells patient to start using the machine to test her blood and record the results and bring with her to next visit

Cyber theft

Cyber theft Introduction The modern day world is becoming a global village with expanding usage of the Internet. The Internet has now penetrated across the globe even to the developing countries where it is being embraced and used widely. The invention and adoption of the Internet has accelerated the growth of business through improved means of communication but, at the same time, malicious people have invaded internet making it insecure for its users.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This vast network has now become a target for illegal activities and enterprise, or simply cyber crime, which involves criminal acts that involve communication, computers and internet network. Many internet users see the Internet as the safest means of communication and doing business, thus, there is a need to protect these users from malicious people who conduct cyber crime. This research paper will address the usage of internet and how internet theft has continued to thrive as the technology advances and how users of the internet can be made safer. The research will categorically put more emphasis on cyber theft and its consequences (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). Background The internet does not have the same level of regulation as mobile phones, as there is no overarching body to provide consumers with a first place of contact to raise concerns about disreputable or criminal behaviour. It is not the responsibility of an ISP to regulate behaviour online, and they cannot enforce a code of conduct on those offering commercial services online. The Internet Service Providers (ISP) also has not regulatory body. As a result, individuals who experience cyber crime can only refer it to the police or possibly simply attempt to minimise any financial loss by contacting banks and online services, depending on the exact nature of the crime. There is no single first point o f advice and help for the consumer, which makes precaution and prevention the best way to avoid becoming a victim of cyber crime (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Cyber crime can be divided into three categories, namely cyber vandalism, cyber terrorism and cyber theft. While this paper focuses on cyber theft, it is important to briefly explain these other crimes. Cyber vandalism includes all kinds of technological destruction, which involve malicious attack at disturbing, defacing and destroying technology that they find offensive. Cyber terrorism, on the other hand, involves acts that are aimed at undermining the social, economic and political system of an enemy by destroying its electronic infrastructure and disrupting its economy.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cyber theft can be simply put as cyber crime for profit. It ranges from illegal copying of cop y righted material to using technology to commit traditional theft-based offenses such as larceny and fraud. Cyber theft includes various acts such as: computer fraud, which involves theft of information like copying software for profit; salami slice fraud, whereby the perpetrator cautiously skins small sums from the balance of the large number of accounts in order to bypass internal controls and escape detection; software theft, which deprives many authors of significant revenues; and manipulation of accounts in banking (Jaishankar, 2011). Literature review This paper seeks to study the emerging trends in technology, which highlight the increase in the number of cyber theft incidences reported over a period of time. According to Siegel (2011), the Federal Trade Commission has put the number of internet users who have fallen prey to identity theft as 9 million. This clearly indicates how vulnerable internet users are in the entire world. Many internet users use the internet blindly without knowing how dangerous it can be especially where the laid down procedures are not set straight (Carr 2011). Most research studies conducted on cyber theft among the online users have failed to cushion internet users on the looming danger they face when using the internet (Cornelius Hermann 2011). A good example is where some internet users receive mails purporting to have won lotteries and in turn asking for personal information and the bank details. The authors of these emails turn out to be cyber criminals who steal from vulnerable internet users (Jaishankar, 2011). Consequences of cyber theft According to Schaeffer and Chan (2009), the internet has led to revival of the porn industry through the distribution of illegal sexual material since it provides an ideal platform for selling and distributing obscene material. Adult entertainment has permitted the peddling of child pornography across borders, via credit card verification service, which acts as an electronic gateway to the pictures and movies of minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct. Secondly, cyber theft has attempted to extort money from legitimate internet users through the denial of services and threatening to prevent them from having access to the service. Such operations involve flooding the site with many spurious messages that interfere with the user, until they become frustrated and abandon the site, or agree to pay the fee. These crimes have been known to destroy online businesses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, cyber theft in the form of illegal copyright infringement has been on the rise, with groups of individuals working together illegally to obtain software, and then use it to â€Å"crack† or â€Å"rip† its copyright protection, before posting it on the internet for other members to use. Frequently the pirated copies reach the in ternet days and weeks before the legitimate product is commercially available. File Sharing is another form of illegal infringement; it allows internet users to download music and other material without paying the artists and the companies their rightful royalties (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). The fourth result of cyber theft is internet securities fraud. This includes market manipulation, when individuals try to control the price of stock by interfering with the natural forces of supply and demand-either by â€Å"pump and dump† or â€Å"cyber smear†. In pump and dump, erroneous and deceptive information is posted online to make unsuspecting investors to become interested in stocks, and sell previously purchased stock at inflated price. Cyber smear is reverse of the pump and dump, when negative information is spread online, driving down the price and enabling the people buy at artificially low price, before the company officers inflate the price. Fifth is i dentity theft. Schaeffer and Chan (2009), explain identity theft as the process whereby an individual uses the internet to steal someone’s identity to open a new credit card account or conduct some other financial transaction. This also includes phishing, which involves illegal access to victims’ personal information. The victim is informed about the problems in his account and suggested to fix it. Once all the personal information, including social security number is provided, the perpetrators proceed to access the victim’s bank account and credit card, and buy things with those accounts. The perpetrator can also open a new account without the victim’s knowledge or choose to implant viruses into their software that forwards their e-mails to other recipients (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). E-tailing fraud is another form of cyber theft, which involves the illegal buying or selling merchandise. E-tailing scams involve failure to deliver promised purchase or services or substituting the cheaper or used material for higher quality purchases.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This form of cyber theft involves top of the line electronic equipment over the internet, then purchasing similar-looking cheaper quality. The cheaper item is then returned to the E-Tailer after switching the bar code and the boxes with the more expensive unit. The buyer gets the refund for the higher quality product. The seventh form of cyber theft is the use of email chain letters, whereby the victims are sent official looking e-mail letters requesting cooperation by sending a report to five friends or relatives. Those who respond are then asked to pay to keep the chain going. The last form of cyber theft is one that allows individuals to fish information of all kinds. This is usually offered in the form of a CD program that you can use to find out personal information on someone. Such information is them sold, in the case of public records. Alternatively, the seller can sell false software in order to access a willing buyer’s credit account number. Cyber theft attacks For individual computer users, cyber crime is most likely to occur through casual infections and unfortunate happenstance. Reports indicate that the best defence against this kind of crime is more knowledgeable computer users and routine IT hygiene. There is a balance to be struck in terms of encouraging technology usage without engendering over-reliance upon it. While users should be expected to have protection, they should not be lulled into a false belief that it will solve all their problems Cornelius Hermann also suggest that technology needs to be understood in the wider context of safe online behaviour (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). This is because people have the tendency of approaching technology as just another consumer appliance like a video machine, which comes with ‘a series of services. There is little interest among consumers in how computers work or in understanding the principles of how those computers connect with the internet. Method The purpose of this research w as to make a contribution towards understanding and responding to cyber theft, as well as providing an insight into the characteristics and motivation of the perpetrators of cyber theft or fraud. The study involved the assessment of various literatures on cyber theft, in order to obtain possible explanations for the putative differences between offenders perpetrating e-fraud and classical fraud. Among the literature is the evaluation of criminological theories that sought to explain the emergence of new group offenders, in cyber theft, and the factors that facilitate their growth, such as the perceived anonymity and the disappearance of barriers of time and space (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Research methods There is some knowledge about certain types of cyber crimes and how the offenders responsible for these various acts operate. Previous research methods involved observations on the Internet and interviews with key persons such as police officers. This researc h complements these previous reports and seeks a comprehensive strategy, while offering a more in-depth analysis. This study involved literature review, which was used to create some insight into the characteristics of the offenders that are known at this moment. Through (online) libraries such as ScienceDirect and Leicester E-Link books, articles and reports on the subject have been retrieved and relevant publications have been studied. Publications have been selected with the keywords: ‘fraud’, ‘cyber theft, ‘con’, ‘deception’, ‘deceit’ and other terms with similar meanings (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). Results With the increase in bandwidth the file transfer rate has been increased considerably. Hackers can now transfer more data in a single second due to the increased speeds, which also allow the users to download third party applications with which they can have access to others computers or mobile phones. Operating System s with patches are also available on the internet. So in developing countries, the people can download pirated versions of operating system and third party software easily with the help of large bandwidth internet (Siegel, 2011). Cyber theft has also affected social engineering. This has been possible due to the increasing accessibility of the internet, as well as faster speeds, which allow more and more people to join into the cyber world, making their individual information more prone to be attacked. A good example of this is the article by Whitehurst, whereby a man who was seeking friendship and love online was later robbed by the lady. This happened on Valentines Day, and the lady surprised the man when she suggested changing her clothes but instead came back with two men, armed with a taser and knife, to rob the man. Social networking sites like facebook, myspace, twitter and orkut among others make it easy for people to access personal information on various people by hacking the account of that individual. A fake social networking site login page is sent to the user with an attractive link so that by login into that page can send the user name and password of that user to the hacker (Whitehurst, 2009). With more people online, the possibility of viruses, spam and Trojan horses affecting more people is increased. Hackers can easily get into the remote computers and infect a whole network within seconds with the faster access of internet. Besides this, the increasing number of people with access to the internet may potentially affect the growth of Film and Music Industry. Access to reliable Internet services allows people to download movies that have been pirated. This is increasing the piracy of movies and songs, as the revenue is flowing to the illegal sites rather than the producer of movie or the songs (Siegel, 2011). Now-a-days nations have electronically connected all their economic, defence and national security establishments which will be the tar get for cyber attacks during a conflict or to create instabilities. With the increase internet speeds and user access, these sites are more prone to attack as hackers can have more bandwidth and can destruct in more networks in less time. A good example of such damage is the accessibility of information that allowed wiki-leaks to spring up, releasing sensitive information to the public that was potentially damaging (Siegel, 2011). Discussion This research identified many areas where there are currently deficiencies in law enforcement response to cyber crime. Research has shown that there is high volume of malicious computer activities with minimal counter measures to defeat cyber theft globally. Here we are looking at some counter measures to defeat cyber theft such as cyber crisis planning, regular surveillance, introduction of access controls and security training. Cyber crisis planning Effective crisis planning and crisis management processes must be developed to enable businesse s to continue operating following failure of, or damage to, vital services or facilities. This process involves: identification and prioritization of critical business processes including the technology that supports them (servers, databases, applications) and technology owners; identification and agreement with respect to all responsibilities and emergency arrangements for business continuity planning and recovery with all affected parties throughout the organization; documentation of workarounds (electronic and manual) and/or rectification procedures and a linkage to any relevant reference material or documents; appropriate education of staff in the execution of the agreed emergency procedures and processes; checklists and procedure guidelines to assist all parties to recover from a crisis or disaster; and testing and updating of the plans on a regular basis (Jaishankar, 2011). Regular surveillance Many companies overlook the fact that security monitoring or surveillance is necess ary in order to protect their information assets. Security Information Management Systems (SIM), if configured properly, can be useful in collecting and correlating security data (system logs, firewall logs, anti-virus logs, user profiles, physical access logs, etc.) to help identify internal threats and external threats. A successful surveillance program includes practices such as: security in depth, whereby several layers of security are introduced, and surveillance on each layer of security will help identify the severity of a security event, alerts coming from the internal corporate network might be more urgent than on the external network; critical business data encryption with strict role-based access controls and logging of all changes for an accurate audit trail; implementation of a policy of â€Å"least privileges access† with respect to sensitive information and regular review of logs for suspicious activity; review of Identity Management Process to determine who ha s access to what information on the corporate network and ensure that the access of ex-employees, contractors and vendors is eliminated when they are no longer needed or leave the organization; and placement of Network Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems throughout the corporate network to help detect suspicious or malicious activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Access controls Curiosity is a natural human trait. The viewing of private records of political figures and celebrities has led to people losing their jobs or being criminally convicted. Most of these workplace incidents were not tied to identity theft or other bad intentions, but were simply instances of employees taking advantage of access control policy gaps, sometimes without realizing that they were breaking privacy laws and exposing their organizations to risk. So companies need to focus on ensuring that employees’ access to information is required for their particular job. Sometimes employees’ access is supple mented as they are promoted, transferred, or temporarily assigned to another department within the organization. Users that drag such excess access into their new role may create holes in corporate security or create other business risks. These are common problems in large organizations, a natural consequence of the pressure on IT departments to provide access quickly when employees are transferred or promoted. Organizations should consider putting automated controls in place for cyber-access to ensure that user privileges are appropriate to their particular job function or process role. Access to personally identifiable information must be governed by the need; there must be a valid business reason for access (Jaishankar, 2011). Security Training and Awareness The human factor is the weakest link in any information security program. Communicating the importance of information security and promoting safe computing are vital in securing a company against cyber crime. Some ways of pre venting cyber theft include: using passphrases that combine symbols, numerical and letters, and keeping them hidden; educate employees and executives on the latest cyber security threats and what they can do to help protect critical information assets; avoiding links or attachments in e-mail from untrusted sources; avoiding sending sensitive business files to personal email addresses; reporting suspicious/malicious activity to security personnel immediately; securing all mobile devices when travelling, and reporting lost or stolen items to the technical support for remote kill/deactivation; and educating the community about phishing attacks and how to report fraudulent activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Conclusion The risks of cyber crime are very real and too ominous to be ignored. Every franchisor and licensor, indeed every business owner, has to face up to their vulnerability and do something about it. At the very least, every company must conduct a professional analysis of their cyber security and cyber risk; engage in a plan to minimize the liability; insure against losses to the greatest extent possible; and implement and promote a well-thought-out cyber policy, including crisis management in the event of a worst case scenario. A healthier online community should be promoted by willing to establish a trusted system which is similar to what we have for doctors, paramedics and epidemiologists in human health. In addition to this, computer users need to know who and where to get help with a malware issue. Prevention or wellness is another topic that should be adopted from human health. To do so, we must begin with an understanding of what it takes to keep a system healthy and develop the social and technical norms to encourage the healthy state of all devices. Finally, as with epidemic preparedness, industry and government must be prepared for a potential malware outbreak in a way that leverages the trusted system (Carr, 2011). References Carr, J. (2011). Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld. New York: OReilly Media. Cornelius, K., Hermann, D. (2011). Virtual Worlds and Criminality. New York: Springer. Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal. New York: CRC Press. Schaeffer, B. S., Chan, H., Chan, H., Ogulnick, S. (2009). Cyber Crime and Cyber Security. Wolters Kluwer Law Business , 4-11. Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. (2011). Traverse City, Michigan: Ponemon Institute. Siegel, J. L. (2011). Criminology. New York: Cengage Learning. Whitehurst, L. (2009, February 19). Internet love connection turns into robbery. Retrieved from https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=11739743itype=NGPSIDkeyword=qtype=

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828 The Tariff of Abominations was the name outraged southerners gave to a tariff passed in 1828. Residents of the  South believed the tax on imports was excessive and unfairly targeted their region of the country. The tariff, which became law in the spring of 1828, set very high duties on goods imported into the United State. And by doing so it did create major economic problems for the South.  As the South was not a manufacturing center, it had to either import finished goods from Europe (primarily Britain) or buy goods made in the North. Adding insult to injury, the law had obviously been devised to protect manufacturers in the Northeast. With a protective tariff essentially creating artificially high prices, the consumers in the South found themselves at a severe disadvantage when buying products from either Northern or foreign manufacturers. The 1828 tariff created a further problem for the South, as it reduced business with England. And that, in turn, made it more difficult for the English to afford cotton grown in the American South. Intense feeling about the Tariff of Abominations prompted John C. Calhoun to anonymously write essays setting forth his theory of nullification, in which  he forcefully advocated that states could ignore federal laws. Calhouns protest against the federal government eventually led to the Nullification Crisis. Background of the 1828 Tariff The Tariff of 1828 was one of a series of protective tariffs passed in America. After the War of 1812, when English manufacturers began to flood the American market with cheap goods that undercut and threatened new American industry, the U.S. Congress responded by setting a tariff in 1816. Another tariff was passed in 1824. Those tariffs were designed to be protective, meaning they were intended to drive up the price of imported goods and thereby protect American factories from British competition. And they became unpopular in some quarters because the tariffs were always promoted originally as being temporary measures. Yet, as new industries emerged, new tariffs always seemed necessary to protect them from foreign competition. The 1828 tariff actually came into being as part of a complicated political strategy designed to cause problems for President John Quincy Adams. Supporters of Andrew Jackson hated Adams following his election in the Corrupt Bargain election of 1824. The Jackson people drew up legislation with very high tariffs on imports necessary to both the North and South, on the assumption that the bill would not pass. And the president, it was assumed, would be blamed for the failure to pass the tariff bill. And that would cost him among his supporters in the Northeast. The strategy backfired when the tariff bill passed in Congress on May 11, 1828. President John Quincy Adams signed it into law. Adams believed the tariff was a good idea and signed it though he realized it could hurt him politically in the upcoming election of 1828. The new tariff imposed high import duties on iron, molasses, distilled spirits, flax, and various finished goods. The law was instantly unpopular, with people in different regions disliking parts of it, but the opposition was greatest in the South. John C. Calhouns Opposition to the Tariff of Abominations The intense southern opposition to the 1828 tariff was led by John C. Calhoun, a dominating political figure from South Carolina. Calhoun had grown up on the frontier of the late 1700s, yet he had been educated at Yale College in Connecticut and also received legal training in New England. In national politics, Calhoun had emerged, by the mid-1820s, as an eloquent and dedicated advocate for the South (and also for the institution of slavery, upon which the economy of the South depended). Calhouns plans to run for president had been thwarted by lack of support in 1824, and he wound up running for vice president with John Quincy Adams. So in 1828, Calhoun was actually the vice president of the man who signed the hated tariff into law. Calhoun Published a Strong Protest Against the Tariff In late 1828 Calhoun wrote an essay titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which was anonymously published. In his essay Calhoun criticized the concept of a protective tariff, arguing that tariffs should only be used to raise revenue, not to artificially boost business in certain regions of the nation. And Calhoun called South Carolinians serfs of the system, detailing how they were forced to pay higher prices for necessities. Calhouns essay was presented to the state legislature of South Carolina on December 19, 1828. Despite public outrage over the tariff, and Calhouns forceful denunciation of it, the state legislature took no action over the tariff. Calhouns authorship of the essay was kept secret, though he made his view public during the Nullification Crisis, which erupted when the issue of tariffs rose to prominence in the early 1830s. The Significance of the Tariff of Abominations The Tariff of Abominations did not lead to any extreme action (such as secession) by the state of South Carolina. The 1828 tariff greatly increased resentment toward the North, a feeling which persisted for decades and helped to lead the nation toward the Civil War.

Feasibility and Research Report--Tax on Cigarette and Demand on Essay

Feasibility and Research Report--Tax on Cigarette and Demand on Cigarette - Essay Example This objective is scheduled to operate within a seven year duration, whereby the expectation will be of high government revenue and a reduced level of smoking. The results of this project will benefit government, society, environment, smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette contains over 4000 chemical compound and 69 of those chemicals cause cancer. Cigarette harms health by causing diseases such as lung cancer or heart diseases. There are numerous organizations that can help smokers to quit smoking and the government work closely with such organizations to create awareness about the effects of smoking. Other than its addictive characteristics, this study sought to actualize the drive to smoking despite the awareness of its effects to health and spending. The outcome of the study is therefore very important to the Federal U.S. government as well as the Anti-Smoking Agencies. The outcome of the study was not intended to please tobacco manufacturers as this would affect their business, and to some extent the some government agencies were expected to reject the outcome of the study as well due to tax revenue they get from tobacco. However, the study was focused in revealing the truth of tobacco in relations to health effects. Many studies have been done on the health and economic effects of smoking tobacco. Such studies, discussions, or journals were limited to finding the real weight on health, spending etc of smoking cigarettes. Micklethwait, (2013) of the Economist Magazine acknowledges the effects of cigarette products affect the whole society in U.S. According to weekly news involving the economy and business within the U.S. and international business, the Smoking Weight, and Micklethwait, (2013) data percentage showing the rational of teenage smokers reveals that there are 46% teen girls and 30% teen boys do not smoke